摘要
大量材料顯示,晚唐五代西北方音的疑母已開始變化,除了在開口洪音前保持外,其他已開始變成零聲母,這與《中原音韻》的情况基本相同。與《中原音韻》不同的是,敦煌寫卷的疑母字處在變化的初期,因爲同一字的漢藏對音疑母有,g和∅二讀。敦煌材料的這種變化並非唯一,唐五代時期的音注材料也有體現。晉方言疑母字的今讀與晚唐五代西北方音形成了大面積的對應關係;甘肅方言與晚唐五代西北方音在開口呼前有對應上的差異,這是因爲有η>γ的後起音變現象。《皇極經世書聲音圖》的疑母上聲字變讀零聲母,但上聲字不是疑母脫落的條件。疑母脫落的原因是聲母η在高元音i、u、y之前不易出現,因爲這些高元音的響度小,會使得鼻輔音η聲母在聽感上有模糊的感覺。
A large number of materials show that the Yi initial of the northwest dialect had begun to change in the late Tang dynasty and the Five dynasties.It was maintained before the opening Hong sound,while turned into zero initials in other circumstances,which was basically the same as Zhongyuan Yinyun.The difference from Zhongyuan Yinyun is that the Yi initial characters in Dunhuang manuscripts were in the early stages of change,in that there was two pronunciations’g and ∅ of Yi initial in the Sino-Tibetan phonological correspondences.This change in Dunhuang manuscripts was not the only one.It was also reflected in the phonetic annotation materials in Five dynasties.There is a large scale of correspondences in the pronunciation of Yi initial between the present period and the late Tang dynasty and the Five dynasties in Jin dialect.There is a corresponding difference in the pronunciation of Yi initial between Gansu dialect and the late Tang dynasty and.the Five dynasties,which is due to the post-rising pronunciation change of η>γ.The up-rising tone characters of Yi initial in the Huangji Jingshishu Shengyintu were changed to zero initials,but up-rising tone was not necessary for the shedding of Yi initial.The reason for its shedding is that the nasal initial η-seldom appears;before i,u and y,because these high vowels lack of loudness,which will make the nasal initial η-unclear to hear.
出处
《汉语史研究集刊》
2021年第2期29-37,共9页
Studies on the History of Chinese Language
基金
國家社科基金項目“敦煌寫卷佛經音注研究”(18BYY129)的階段性成果
关键词
疑母
脫落
敦煌寫卷
西北方音
Yi initial
shedding
Dunhuang manuscripts
northwest dialect
