3Schiffman H F. Language Culture and Policy [ M ]. London and New York : Routledge, 1996:15.
4Paulston C B. Linguistic minorities and language policies: Four case studies [ C]//W Fase, K Jaspaert, K Kroon (eds) Maintenance and Loss of Minority Language. Amsterdam:John Benjamins, 1992:55-79.
5Schiffman HF. Tamil Language Policy in Singapore:the Role of Implementation[ C ]//V Vaish,S Gopinathan,Y B Liu (eds) Language, Capital, Culture: Critical Studies of Language in Education in Singapore. Amsterdam: Sense Publishers,2007: 209 -226.
6汪惠迪,郭熙.华语的规范与协调[N].联合早报,2002-12-07.
7Lo Bianco J. Officializing Language : A Discourse Study of the Language Politics in the United States [ M ]. A thesis submitted for the degree of doctor of philosophy of the Australian National University,2001:41-53.
8Xu Daming, Li Wei. Linguistic dirigisme and language management in Singapore [ C ]// P M Ryan, R Terborg (eds.) Language : Issues of Inequality. Mexico: Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico,2003.
9Kachru BB. Standards, codification and sociolinguistic realism:The English language in the outer circle [C]//R Quirk, H Widdowson (eds.) English in the World:Teaching and Learning the Language and Literatures. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press, 1985 : 11-36.
10Silver R E. The discourse of linguistic capital:Language and economic policy planning in Singapore [ J ]. Language Policy,2005,4( 1 ) :47-66.