摘要
1.本文分析了140例国人肾器官外动脉、器官内动脉及肾外形与器官外、内动脉的关系。2.肾动脉的条数无论左侧或右侧都以一条的为多占85.71%。二条以上的占14.29%。肾动脉的一级分支以2支者为多占83.33%。2支的数目为3及4支相加总数的5倍。一级分支的起点,以在距肾动脉中点远侧的“近肾门型”为多占60%;在肾动脉中点近侧分的“近主动脉型”占16%;在肾窦内者占24%。3.肾内动脉的分支情况、类型常随肾动脉数及一级分支类型而异。平常所称不经肾门入肾的“肾副动脉”它们在肾内分布情况多数是正常的肾段动脉,所不同的只是起点及入肾门点的变化而已,我们认为与其叫做肾副动脉不如叫做“迷走动脉”比较恰当,因为迷走动脉只是表示其走行的不正常,并不说明其对于肾的一个区域的血液供给是处于主要或次要地位。4.肾外形与肾内动脉的排列形式有一定规律性的联系。肾前半有80%属于“蚕豆型”肾,肾后半有85%是“逗点型”肾。“蚕豆型”肾的肾唇95.38%是“齿状唇”它的段动脉排列有95.38%为分散的“复支型”。“逗点型”肾的肾唇有95.71%是“角状唇”,它的段动脉排列有97.85%是较集中的“主支型”。借助肾外形及肾唇形状,大致可以判断出来肾内动脉的分布规律,对于手术有指示意义。
The extraorganic and intraorganic arteries of the kidneys have been studied with radioscopy and dissection in 140 sides of adults and youngsters.In our series,it is found that majority of the cases possess 2 first order branches.The number of such type is almost five times as much as the sum total of those which possess 3 and 4 first order branches.In 60% of the cases the first order branches are given off from renal arteries at the hilum and in 13.5% near the aorta. We have also found that the number,type and arrangement of the intrarenal arteries correlate with the number,type and arrangement of the first order branches of the renal arteries.The name “accessory arteries” is usually given to those which do not enter the kidney through the hilum.Our observations have made us believe that the distribution of the so-called accessory artery is in noway different from the ordinary segmental ar- tery.Only when 2 arteries exist in one segment,the name “accessory artery” can be given.Whether or not an extra-artery belongs to the accessory artery can only be judged by examining the intraorganic as well as the extraorganic parts of the arteries.In ques- tionable cases the name “aberrant artery” is a better choice. In most cases there is a close correlation of the external forms of the kidneys and the arrangements of the intraorganic arteries.We have found that the form of the an- terior half of the kidney is of the “bean type” in 80%,the posteriorhalf is of the “comma type” in 83%.In the “bean type”,the lips of the organ usually assume the “dentate type” (festoon type) in 95.38%,and their intrarenal arteries are of the “mul- tiple branch type” in 95.38%,whereas in the “common type”,the lips of the organ are of the “angular type” in 95.71% and the arrangements of the intraorganic arteries of the “chief branch type” in 97.85%.This rule of correlation will help the surgeons to have an idea on the arrangement of the arteries by judging from the shape of the kidney.
作者
张殿明
CHANG TIEN-MING(Department of Anatomy,Tientsin Medical College)
出处
《解剖学报》
CAS
1963年第4期342-349,共8页
Acta Anatomica Sinica
