摘要
目的了解某军校学员新生与老生的健康素养状况并分析其影响因素,为设计健康教育和健康促进方案提供参考。方法采用整群随机抽样方法抽取某军校1996名学员为调查对象,采用中国健康教育中心2015年编制的《中国公民健康素养调查问卷》进行调查。结果学员健康素养总体水平为32.72%,老生(39.54%)较新生(25.18%)高(P<0.01)。健康素养得分为(46.01±10.52)分,健康素养知晓率为72.62%,老生略高于新生(P<0.01)。在健康素养三个维度和六类问题水平上比较,老生均高于新生;在生活方式与行为、基本技能、科学健康观、传染病防治、慢性病防治、基本医疗和健康信息方面差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。在健康素养三个维度和六类问题中健康信息知晓率最低(60.28%)。学员健康素养知晓率低于60%的条目有9条,其中吃大豆的好处知晓率最低(15.59%)。多元逐步Logistic回归分析显示,影响学员健康素养水平的因素为年级(OR=1.912,95%CI:1.575~2.320)、民族(OR=0.613,95%CI:0.397~0.963)、母亲受教育年限(OR=1.393,95%CI:1.112~1.745)、父亲职业(OR=0.633,95%CI:0.466~0.860)和母亲职业(OR=1.917,95%CI:1.228~2.993)。结论军校学员健康素养具备率较高,但慢性病与传染病防治知识具备率低,健康信息知晓率低,提示学校应加强健康信息的传播力度,重点关注慢性病与传染病防治,针对薄弱知识点开展健康教育,提高学员健康素养整体水平。
Objective To find out about the health literacy of cadets in a military school and analyze the influencing factors in order to provide reference for designing health education and health promotion programs.Methods A cluster random sampling method was used to select 1996 respondents from military cadets,and"China Citizen Health Literacy Questionnaire"was used to conduct the survey.Results The overall level of cadets′health literacy was 32.72%,the health literacy of senior students(39.54%)was higher than that of freshmen(25.18%)(P<0.01).The score of health literacy was(46.01±10.52),and the awareness rate of health literacy was 72.62%,which was slightly higher in senior students(P<0.01).As for the three dimensions of health literacy and the six types of problems,senior students got higher scores than freshmen did,with statistically significant differences in lifestyle and behavior,basic skills,scientific outlook on health,prevention and treatment of infectious diseases,chronic diseases,basic medical treatment and health information(P<0.05).The awareness rate of health information was the lowest(60.28%).There were 9 items in which the awareness rate of health literacy was lower than 60%,and the awareness rate of benefits of eating soybean was the lowest(15.59%).Multiple Logistic regression analysis showed that the factors affecting the health literacy of cadets were the school grade(OR=1.912,95%CI:1.575-2.320),nationality(OR=0.613,95%CI:0.397-0.963),mother′s education level(OR=1.393,95%CI:1.112-1.745),father’s occupation(OR=0.633,95%CI:0.466-0.860)and mother′s occupation(OR=1.917,95%CI:1.228-2.993).Conclusion Military cadets have a higher rate of health literacy,but a lower rate of awareness of ways to prevent chronic diseases and infectious diseases,and the awareness rate of health information is low.It is rewmmendeal that health information be made more accessible,and that the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases and infectious diseases become a priority.
作者
张玲
荣红辉
郑传芬
卢路
陈济安
武书兴
ZHANG Ling;RONG Hong⁃hui;ZHENG Chuan⁃fen;LU Lu;CHEN Ji⁃an;WU Shu⁃xing(Department of Army Health Education,Faculty of Military Preventive Medicine,Army Medical University,Chongqing 400038,China;Military Preventive Medicine,Army Medical University,Chongqing 400038,China)
出处
《军事医学》
CAS
北大核心
2020年第12期889-894,共6页
Military Medical Sciences
基金
陆军军医大学人文社科基金项目(2017XRW17)
关键词
健康素养
知晓率
军校学员
影响因素
health literacy
awareness rate
cadet
influencing factors
作者简介
张玲,女,硕士,高级实验师,研究方向:健康教育与健康促进研究,E⁃mail:zerosz@sina.com;通讯作者:武书兴,Tel:023⁃68752304,E⁃mail:w2009630@163.com
