摘要
著名美国记者、作家、中国人民的老朋友艾格尼丝·史沫特莱与苏联或共产国际的关系一直是战后美国史学界关注的问题。斯蒂芬·麦金农夫妇在他们的学术传记中矢口否认史沫特莱和共产国际的关系,而露丝·普莱斯则在她的传记中揭示了史沫特莱与苏联、共产国际及美国共产党的隶属与合作关系。在这表面看似截然相反的论断背后却有着相似的政治逻辑,即对史沫特莱苏联经验的拒绝。经历越南战争后的麦金农更强调史沫特莱对于中国的认识,普莱斯则通过以加缪的《反抗者》为原型树立起来的个人激进主义者史沫特莱形象在形而上的普遍主义中拒斥了具体的革命经验。这两部史沫特莱传记不仅体现了近几十年来美国历史研究的范式转换,更揭示了战后两代美国左翼学者重估中国革命经验时所遇到的根本困境。
Agnes Smedley,the well-known American journalist,writer and friend of Chinese people,together with her mysterious relationship with the communist party,has triggered much debate among American historians.While Stephen MacKinnon and Janice MacKinnon rejected Smedley’s affiliation to any communist party of any country in their early historical studies,recent biography written by Ruth Price made an opposite assertion.She revealed Smedley’s association with the Communist International and her thorny relation with the Communist Party of the United States of America.In contrast to Stephen MacKinnon’s emphasis on Smedley’s knowledge of China and her role in connecting China and the U.S.,Price rejected her revolutionary experience and,instead,linked her to the metaphysical idea of rebellion proposed by Albert Camus.What can be discerned in these two historical autobiographies is not only a clear pattern transformation in historical studies but also a common yet unique dilemma of American historians in the aftermath of Cold War;that is,how to evaluate the revolutionary experience in pre-war China without speaking of the global.
作者
熊鹰
Xiong Ying(School of Humanities,Tsinghua University)
出处
《开放时代》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第5期121-140,8,共21页
Open Times
关键词
史沫特莱
冷战
共产国际
美国左翼
激进主义
Agnes Smedley
Cold War
Communist International
American Left
radicalism
