摘要
现代爱国主义是因应“nation-state”(国民国家/民族国家)出现而产生的精神与情感,以优先建构国民权利抑或国族权力,爱国主义呈现出“内向发力”与“外向发力”两种类型。型塑近代中国爱国主义的是中国人民为争取中华民族国家独立对强权国家的抗争,这决定了爱国主义“外向发力”的特征与效能。20世纪50年代至70年代,爱国主义从属于社会主义政治,但是在对美国、苏联的斗争中,阶级革命的话语仍然透射出外向发力的国族抗争政治。80年代,体制、知识界与大众层面的爱国主义共同叠拼出多元内向的图景。90年代以来,外向发力的爱国主义愈益为体制意识形态倚重。在深化改革,推进国家治理现代化的新形势下,需要均衡“nation-state”意义上的“国民国家”与“民族国家”的发展,以爱国主义的内向性建构优化中国现代国家建设中的国民-国家关系,化解困扰国家治理现代化的深层次问题。
Modern patriotism is the spiritual and emotional response to the emergence of the nation-state.Depending on which one is prioritized,civil rights or national power,patriotism presents two types:the inward-focusing type and the outward-focusing type.What shaped patriotism in modern China was the Chinese people’s struggle against foreign powers for the independence of the Chinese nation-state,hence the outward-focusing characteristics of Chinese patriotism in that period.From 1950s to 1970s,patriotism in China served socialist politics.However,in the struggle against the United States and the Soviet Union,the discourse of class revolution still revealed the outward-focusing politics of a fighting nation.In the 1980s,patriotism at the governmental,intellectual and public levels combined to form a pluralistic and inward picture.Since the 1990s,outward-focusing patriotism has gained increasing dominance in official ideology.Under the new situation of deepening reform and promoting the modernization of state governance,it is necessary to balance the development between“citizen state”and“nation state”,and let inward-focusing patriotism thrive to optimize the citizen-state relationship in China’s modern national construction and resolve the deep-seated problems that have been plaguing China’s modernization of its state governance.
作者
吴毅
汪洋
Wu Yi;Wang Yang(School of Sociology,Huazhong University of Science and Technology)
出处
《开放时代》
CSSCI
北大核心
2023年第3期144-163,9,共21页
Open Times
基金
国家社科基金重点项目“‘治道’转型视角下的政治社会重构研究”(项目编号:19ASH010)
华中科技大学自主创新基金重大培育项目“革命之后的政治发展——1980年代迄今的中国大陆政治变迁研究”(项目编号:2018WKZDPY004)的阶段性成果
