摘要
20世纪末年郭店楚简等新出土文献问世后,新的知识与见解也随之而来。笔者基于此新知见,对孟子性善论的形成过程有一系列论考。本文即其中探讨《子思子》,特别是《中庸》的古层(即被称为"中庸古本"的部分)与《缁衣》部分的内容。相对于《论语》追求"不言实行","中庸古本"与《缁衣》则追求"有言实行",将"言"与"行"对称起来论述。《中庸》的"言顾行,行顾言"和《缁衣》的"可言不可行,君子弗言。可行不可言,君子弗行"就是典型代表,都是以"名"所附随的"合宜性"为行为标准来进行思考的产物。这种思考是子思思想的初期特征,其间对人之内在的关心比较稀薄,显示了与《中庸》新层(即被称为"中庸新本"的部分)所叙述的"诚"的思想之间的差距。
This article has been written in the series from my studies on the formation of Mencius’theory of“Human nature is good,”utilizing the Guodian Chu Bamboo manuscript,which was excavated in the early 1990s.In this article,I will elucidate certain features of the thought of The Book of Master Zisi,with a specific focus on the“Ziyi(Black Robe)”chapter and an older layer of the“Doctrine of the Mean”chapter,both of which were part of The Book of Master Zisi.While the Analects requests a practitioner(of self-cultivation)to accomplish any goodness without speaking it to anyone,the authors of both the“Ziyi”chapter and an older layer of the“Doctrine of the Mean”chapter ask the practitioner to carry out their spoken words.In the argument of these two chapters,words and deeds are often set in symmetrical positions when they are discussed.Arguing in such a way can be typically observed in such remarks as“One”s words have respect to his/her actions,and his/her actions have respect to his/her words in the“Book of the Mean”chapter,and“The superior does not speak words which may be spoken indeed but should not be embodied in deeds;nor does he do actions which may be done in deed but should not be expressed in words”in the“Ziyi”chapter.The words of these two texts lead to a way of thinking in which a“suitability”associated with a name has to be established as a standard for the people’s behaviors.Such a salient way of thinking can be observed in Zisi’s early work.Here,the author pays little attention to any inner element of human beings;thus such a way in the argument of“Zisi”chapter exhibits a distinctive philosophical gap with the thought in the newer part of the“Book of the Mean”chapter,which advocates the value of cheng(i.e.,“sincerity”).
作者
末永高康
佐藤将之(译)
Takayasu Suenaga;Masayuki Sato(Graduate School of Humanities and Social Sciences,Hiroshima University,Hiroshima 739-8511,Japan;School of Philosophy,Taiwan University,Taibei 10617,China)
出处
《科学．经济．社会》
2021年第4期89-102,共14页
Science Economy Society
关键词
子思
郭店楚简
《子思子》
《缁衣》
《中庸》
Zisi
The Guodian Bamboo Manuscripts
The Book of Master Zisi
“Ziyi(Black Robe)”chapter
“The Doctrine of the Mean”chapter
作者简介
末永高康,日本京都大学文学博士,现为日本广岛大学人间社会科学研究科教授,主要从事“礼”思想、孟子等研究。E-mail:moyong@hiroshima-u.ac.jp;佐藤将之,荷兰莱顿大学汉学研究院博士,现为台湾大学哲学系教授,主要从事东亚观念史、荀子等研究。E-mail:msato@ntu.edu.tw
