摘要
政治是莎剧的重要主题之一。为了探明莎剧中的政治意涵,我们不得不还原当时政治事务的情景,从教育、礼仪、道德、宗教和伦理等非权力的角度看待基本的政治行为。这种还原首先要回到古人和苏格拉底对政体的看法,他们将政体视为灵魂主要类型的形象。根据这一概念,特定的城市鼓励发展特定的人类性格,并在其制度、法律、教育习俗和艺术中,反映出对人性和最好生活之特定观点的支持。莎翁的智慧可能以政治为目的,或者以超越自身为目的。但深思莎剧中单纯求知之人,我们或许会发现,致力于这一目标(即单纯求知)的人生,实际上是超越政治的人生。了解政治领域的全部范围,有助于我们探究政治之外的存在。莎士比亚之诗让我们看见政治决定人类生活的程度,从而帮助我们理解超越政治的存在。
The political is one of the important topics because the dramatic scenes shown at stage were expansion of public affairs in his time,in which the will to choose is the comprehensive and intensive decision for the participants in the process of making a polis.To perceive the political character of Shakespeare’s plays,one may be compelled to recover a vantage upon political things that sees the essential political act less in terms of power and more in terms of education,manners,morals,religion and ethics.Such a recovery might begin by reviving the ancient and Socratic understanding of regimes as images of certain dominant types of the soul.According to this conception,particular cities encourage the development of distinct human characters and reflect in their institutions,laws,educative customs,and arts their sponsorship of a particular view of human nature and of the best life.Shakespeare’s wisdom includes but goes beyond the wisdom available to any citizen as citizen.We may doubt that Shakespeare’s wisdom exists for the sake of a political end or indeed for the sake of any end beyond itself Reflection upon the character of the soul’s seeking simply to know may lead us conclude that a life devoted to that end is truly a life beyond politics.To know what extends beyond politics,it helps to know the full scope of the political realm.Shakespeare’s poetry assists us in understanding what surpasses politics by allowing us to grasp how far politics extends in the determination of human lives.
出处
《跨文化研究》
2019年第1期41-61,257-258,共23页
Transcultural Studies
关键词
莎士比亚
政治哲学
戏剧情节
超越政治
Shakespeare
Politics
Action of Drama
Beyond and Above Politics
作者简介
陈淑仪,北京师范大学文学院博士研究生
