摘要
机器人等人工智能技术正深刻影响着中国劳动力市场,有效识别机器人应用的就业效应在当前中国稳就业任务更加艰巨的背景下尤为重要。本文基于联合国贸易数据库的中国机器人进口数据建立动态面板回归模型,研究机器人应用对中国区域劳动力市场的影响及机制。实证结果发现,机器人应用显著促进中国制造业的就业,机器人应用水平每提高1%,制造业就业增加0.05%;机器人应用对东中部地区、低人力资本水平地区和高机器人密度地区就业的促进作用更强。机制分析表明,机器人应用主要通过产出效应和促进产业转型升级而对就业产生正向促进作用。基于研究发现,本文提出了促进人工智能产业发展及缓解就业压力的政策建议。
Artificial intelligence technologies such as robots are profoundly affecting China,s labor market,and it is particularly important to identify the effect of robot adoption on employment under the current context of stabilizing employment.This paper tests a dynamic panel data model based on China,s robot import data from the United Nations Trade Database(UN Comtrade),and it investigates the impact and mechanisms of robot adoption on China,s regional labor market.Results show that the robot adoption significantly promotes employment in the manufacturing industry.One percent increase in robot adoption is associated with 0.05 percent increase in manufacturing employment.The impact of robot adoption on employment is stronger in eastern and central regions,regions with low human capital levels,and regions with high robot density.Mechanism analysis finds that robot adoption affects employment mainly through the output effect and promoting industrial transformation and upgrading.Based on these findings,this paper proposes policy recommendations on promoting development of the AI industry and alleviating employment pressure.
作者
赵曼
Zhao Man(School of Economics,Jinan University)
出处
《劳动经济研究》
CSSCI
2023年第4期91-117,共27页
Studies in Labor Economics
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(项目编号:72373047)的资助
作者简介
赵曼,暨南大学经济学院,电子邮箱:zmhappyhome@163.com。
