摘要
在当前中国女性生育率不断下降的背景下,教育水平的提升不仅对女性的收入有着积极的作用,同时也对婚姻观念和生育行为产生深刻的影响。生育惩罚作为评估女性生育环境的关键指标,是女性进行生育决策的重要参考,然而女性受教育水平的提升对其生育惩罚的影响在学术界具有争议。本文利用中国劳动力动态调查(CLDS)2016年和2018年两期的调查数据,实证检验了教育、生育与已婚女性收入之间的关系。结果表明,生育对已婚女性的收入存在负面影响,而教育可以缓解生育带来的收入惩罚;特别地,在教育资源不丰富、初育年龄较晚的女性群体中,教育对生育惩罚的缓解作用尤为突出。此外,本文还进一步采用具有中介的调节效应模型检验了教育降低生育惩罚的途径,发现教育会通过提高已婚女性的生育保险参保率来降低女性的生育惩罚。本文的研究结论为解释女性的受教育水平与其生育的工资惩罚之间的关系提供了一个全新的视角,为降低女性生育惩罚,缓解女性受教育、生育和收入之间的矛盾提供了政策启示。
In the context of declining fertility rates among women in China,the role of education in influencing women's income,marital attitudes,and reproductive behaviors is of great importance.Fertility penalties,as a key indicator of the reproductive environment for women,significantly affect their decision-making regarding childbirth.However,the relationship between women's educational attainment and fertility penalties has been a subject of academic debate.This study utilizes data from the China Labor-force Dynamic Survey(CLDS)conducted in 2016 and 2018 to empirically examine the relationship among education,fertility,and income of married women.The results show that fertility has a negative impact on the income of married women,while education can alleviate the income penalties associated with childbirth.Notably,education plays a crucial role in mitigating fertility penalties among women with limited access to educational resources and delayed childbearing.Furthermore,we use a mediation model with moderating effects to explore the mechanisms through which education reduces fertility penalties.The results demonstrate that education can lower fertility penalties by increasing the participation rate of married women in maternity insurance.This study provides new insights into the relationship between women's educational attainment and wage penalties associated with childbirth.Moreover,we put forward some policy suggestions for reducing fertility penalties among women and resolving conflicts of women's education,fertility,and income.
作者
郑雪静
张泽宇
谭晓艳
姚曼曼
Zheng Xuejing;Zhang Zeyu;Tan Xiaoyan;Yao Manman(Macro Agriculture Research Institute,Huazhong Agricultural University;College of Economics and Management,Huazhong Agricultural University;Faculty of Economics and Management,East China Normal University)
出处
《劳动经济研究》
CSSCI
2023年第5期41-68,共28页
Studies in Labor Economics
关键词
教育
生育惩罚
调节效应
生育保险
education
fertility penalties
moderating effect
maternity insurance
作者简介
郑雪静,华中农业大学宏观农业研究院、华中农业大学经济管理学院,电子邮箱:zxj15342272585@163.com;通讯作者:张泽宇,华中农业大学宏观农业研究院、华中农业大学经济管理学院,电子邮箱:zhang.zeyu@mail.hzau.edu.cn;谭晓艳,华中农业大学宏观农业研究院、华中农业大学经济管理学院,电子邮箱:xiaoyant@webmail.hzau.edu.cn;姚曼曼,华东师范大学经济与管理学部,电子邮箱:52274401004@stu.ecnu.edu.cn。
