摘要
《史通》一书,蕴含着丰富的褒贬史学思想。刘知幾通过分析经与史之间的关系,强调史书撰著要体现《春秋》经义,即儒家经典中的伦理精神,并称赞孔子编修《春秋》是史家褒贬予夺的"楷式"。为了更好地践行史学彰善瘅恶的宗旨,他区分"君子之史"和"小人之史",激励后世史家既要"不避强御",秉笔直书,秉持公心评判史事与历史人物,还要识见不凡,做到明辨是非,褒贬公正。在史书撰著的具体方法上,刘知幾主张行文简要,但强调其前提必须是能保证史学褒贬的经世功能才有意义。针对史书撰著中存在着褒贬予夺与"直书实录"之间可能的紧张与矛盾,刘知幾希望以"名教"调和两者,则体现着古代史学理论所遭遇的一种困境。
The book Shitong was rich in ideas about historiographical critiques.After his analysis about the relationship between the Confucian classics and history,Liu Zhiji emphasized that history writing should follow the doctrine of Chunqiu,which reflected the ethics of the Confucian classics,and he praised Chunqiu composed by Confucius as an"exemplar"for historians.To practice the principle that history writing should praise benevolence and criticize malevolence,he distinguished between heroic history and villainous history,encouraging subsequent historians to pass fair judgments on history-writing concerning past events and figures.While entrusting impartiality,Liu Zhiji emphasized the need for a parsimonious style of historical-writing.With respect to the tension between historiographical critiques and recording true history,Liu Zhiji expected solutions from the"Confucian ethical code",which highlighted a conundrum in ancient historiographical theory.
出处
《南开学报（哲学社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2020年第5期55-63,共9页
Nankai Journal:Philosophy,Literature and Social Science Edition
关键词
刘知幾
褒贬史学
《史通》
Liu Zhiji
Historiographical Critique
Shitong
作者简介
常征江,天津师范大学教育学部副教授,天津师范大学历史文化学院博士后,主要从事中国史学史、历史教育学研究。
