摘要
在乡村振兴的新时代发展背景下,保证稳定的农业投入和提高农业劳动力分配效率对维护农业生产、提高农民生产积极性至关重要。一方面,文章从农村家庭层面出发,使用中国家庭收入调查(CHIP)数据,探究了土地租赁市场、非农劳动力市场的发展和土地权利的稳定对农业生产中劳动力与资本投入决策的影响,发现农地确权前土地行政再分配频次的增加会导致劳动力和资本投入显著减少,村庄农业用地多增加一次行政再分配,家庭对单位面积土地的劳动力投入每年会显著减少35.684小时,资本投入会显著减少60.161元,说明农户对农地稳定持有的顾虑会减少农户对土地的投入;相对劳动力投入,对资本投入的影响更大。另一方面,文章从劳动力分配效率的角度分析农业逆向关系问题,估计模型建立过程遵循从构建具有普遍指导意义的完全要素市场模型发展到考虑中国国情的非完全要素市场估计模型,在此市场条件下农户的劳动力投入决定将基于不可观测的影子价格,其中除了通常文献考虑的代表非农劳动影响的影子工资,还加入土地租赁的影子价格,实证进一步验证了我国仍然存在显著的农业逆向关系问题。在考虑农业活动的季节性差异时发现,农忙季节的无效率问题相对农闲季节较弱。在探究农地政策和非农劳动力市场发展对投资激励的影响中考虑了土地租赁市场的内生性问题,并从劳动力分配效率角度对农业逆向关系进行再认识。研究结论能为现今土地确权的必要性提供事实依据,提出在当前农村土地流转改革过程中要探索适度的规模经营以减轻逆向关系的影响、在乡村振兴新发展阶段需要重视村级公共服务的完善等政策启示。
In the context of the development of the new era of rural revitalization,ensuring stable agricultural input and improving the efficiency of agricultural labor distribution are crucial to maintaining agricultural production and improving farmers’production enthusiasm.By focusing on rural households and using CHIP data,this paper investigated the effects of the development of land rental market and off-farm labor market and the stability of land rights on the decisions of labor and capital inputs.It was found that before land titling,an increase in the frequency of land reallocation significantly reduced labor and capital investment.Specifically,an additional land reallocation made rural households reduce labor inputs by 35.684 hours per unit area per year,and it made households reduce capital inputs by 60.161 RMB.This result implied that households’doubts on the stability of land right decreased their investment incentives.Compared with labor investment,the capital investment was affected more.It further analyzed the inverse relationship from the perspective of labor allocation efficiency.In the empirical model,besides the shadow wage that is commonly used in the relevant literature,it also considerd the shadow price of land rental in order to better reflect the characteristics of agricultural production in China.Estimation result indicated the existence of significant inverse relationship.Considering the seasonal differences in agricultural activities,it was found that compared with the slack season,such inefficiency was weaker in the harvest season.In exploring the effects of agricultural land policy and off-farm labor market development on investment incentives,the endogeneity of land rental market was considered,and the inverse relationship was re-recognized from the perspective of labor allocation efficiency.This study could provide factual supports for the necessity of land titling.In the process of current rural land circulation reform,it is necessary to explore appropriate scale operation,to pay attention to the improvement of village-level public services and other relevant policies in the new development stage of rural revitalization.
作者
王晓宇
王楚男
韩昱洁
WANG Xiaoyu;WANG Chunan;HAN Yujie(Institute of Population and Labor Economics,Chinese Academy of Social Science,Beijing 100006;School of Economics and Management,Beihang University,Beijing 100191;MoE Key Laboratory of Complex System Analysis and Management Decision,Beijing 100191;Institute for Economic and Social Research,Jinan University,Guangzhou 510632)
出处
《林业经济》
北大核心
2021年第11期49-62,共14页
Forestry Economics
基金
中国社会科学院青年科研启动项目“中老年人健康风险分析及应对研究”(编号:2022YQNQD040)
关键词
投资激励
逆向关系
土地权利
非农劳动力市场
investment incentives
inverse relationship
land titling
off-farm labor market
作者简介
王晓宇,研究方向:劳动经济学;通讯作者:韩昱洁,研究方向:劳动经济学,农业经济学。
