互联网旅游企业创业机会来源及其识别影响因素——一个多案例研究被引量：6

The Sources and Influencing Factors of Entrepreneurial Opportunity: A Multiple Case Study on Internet Tourism Start-ups

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摘要该研究运用多案例研究方法,以6人游、九十度、游谱旅行、发现旅行、路书、世界邦、隐居乡里和周末去哪玩等8家互联网旅游企业为样本,研究这些企业的创业机会来源和机会识别影响因素。该研究的主要发现有三:首先,互联网旅游企业的创业机会是被"构建"而不是被"发现"的。构建类型可分为服务驱动型和技术驱动型两类;其次,这些企业的创业机会识别受到经济、政策法规以及技术等宏观环境因素,尤其是技术环境的较大影响;第三,创业团队是影响机会识别成功的重要因素:创业团队成员多元化的知识经验、社会网络和个人能力,提高了创业者的创业警觉性并帮助创业者更好更快地发掘出更多的创业机会。这3个发现与现有文献中研究较多的旅游目的地小微企业的创业机会来源和识别影响因素有本质不同,补充了现有文献的认识,构造了关于旅游创业机会研究更为完善的理论图景。文章的发现也有助于创业者在复杂的市场环境中更好地识别并"构建"创业机会,并助力政府部门出台有针对性的产业政策。 Chinese entrepreneurs have combined the Internet with the tourism industry to create a number of tourism start-ups with outstanding performance in product and process innovation.This process—which has been driven by increased consumer demand and the rapid development of Internet technology,especially mobile Internet technology—has profoundly changed the practice of the tourism industry.However,in comparison with new developments in the field of entrepreneurial practice,domestic tourism entrepreneurship research has not changed much,and continues to focus on small and microenterprises such as bed-and-breakfasts and souvenir shops in tourist destinations.Although a few scholars have begun to study the tourism start-up enterprises featured by"Internet+tourism",their focus is on the business model,mergers and acquisitions,strategic direction,and other operational and developmental issues.There is still insufficient research on sources of entrepreneurial opportunities;on factors affecting the identification of opportunities;and,on other key issues related to the establishment period of tourism start-up enterprises.Entrepreneurial opportunity is the core of entrepreneurial activity,and is also the core of entrepreneurship research.Without a clear understanding of where entrepreneurial opportunities come from,and by what factors,it is difficult to understand why a large number of tourism start-up enterprises have emerged in China’s tourism market in the past decade,and why these enterprises have taken very different developmental paths after their establishment.This study applies the multi-case study method and takes eight Internet tourism enterprises,including 6 Renyou(6人游),Jiushidu(九十度),Youpulüxing(游谱旅行),Faxianlüxing(发现旅行),Lushu(路书),Shijiebang(世界邦),Yinjuxiangli(隐居乡里),Zhoumoqunawan(周末去哪玩),as samples to study the sources of entrepreneurial opportunities and the factors influencing identification of these opportunities.The main findings of this study are as follows:(1)the entrepreneurial opportunities of Internet tourism start-ups are"constructed"rather than"discovered."Construction can be divided into service-driven construction and technology-driven construction.(2)the identification of entrepreneurial opportunities for these enterprises is greatly influenced by macroenvironmental factors such as the economic situation,governmental policies and regulations,and—most importantly—the technological environment.(3)the entrepreneurial team is an important factor affecting the success of opportunity identification.The diversity of knowledge and experience of the entrepreneurial team members,combined with their social networks and personal abilities enhance the entrepreneurial alertness of entrepreneurs and help entrepreneurs to better and more rapidly explore additional entrepreneurial opportunities.These three findings are fundamentally different from findings in the existing literature relating to entrepreneurial opportunities for small and microenterprises in tourism destinations.They supplement the existing literature and provide a more comprehensive theoretical picture of research on entrepreneurial opportunities in tourism.These findings also could help entrepreneurs to better identify and build entrepreneurial opportunities in a complex market environment,and help government agencies to formulate effective industrial policies.

作者秦宇姜姗姗张壮刘承伟李彬 QIN Yu;JIANG Shanshan;ZHANG Zhuang;LIU Chengwei;LI Bin(College of Tourism Science,Beijing International Studies University,Beijing 100020,China;Huazhong University of Science&Technology Press,Wuhan 430223,China;Ji Hotel Division,Huazhu Hotel Group,Shanghai 200336,China)

机构地区北京第二外国语学院旅游科学学院华中科技大学出版社华住酒店集团全季事业部

出处《旅游学刊》 CSSCI 北大核心 2021年第1期69-86,共18页 Tourism Tribune

基金北京社会科学基金共建重大项目“建设‘全国科技创新中心’视角下的北京旅游企业创业模式研究” 国家社会科学基金项目“高质量发展背景下旅游企业开放式创新的实现机制与政策保障研究”(18BGL149)共同资助

关键词旅游创业互联网机会识别多案例研究 tourism entrepreneurship Internet opportunities identification multiple case study

分类号 F592.6 [经济管理—旅游管理] F724.6 [经济管理—产业经济]

作者简介秦宇(1973—),男,云南昆明人,博士,教授,研究方向为产业演化、战略创业和组织理论,E-mail:qinyu@bisu.edu.cn;姜姗姗(1992—),女,湖北黄石人,硕士,研究方向为饭店管理和旅游创业企业管理;通讯作者:张壮(1994—),男,河南漯河人,硕士,研究方向为旅游酒店企业创新创业活动,E-mail:991538743@qq.com;刘承伟(1994—),男,山东济宁人,硕士研究生,研究方向为企业组织变革;李彬(1982),男,河北唐山人,博士,副教授,研究生导师,研究方向为旅游企业管理,E-mail:erwailibin88@126.com。