摘要
文章针对我国一些乡村旅游地新近出现的绅士化现象,以丹霞山两村为例,运用质性分析方法,揭示其过程特征与形成机制。研究发现:旅游驱动型乡村绅士化历经草根商户绅士化和企业集团绅士化过程,前者是草根商户和村民主导的旅游设施投资、商业化空间生产阶段,后者是企业集团和村民主导的旅游投资加剧、高档化空间和文化景观商品化生产阶段。这个过程是在旅游驱动下,由村民和外来企业主导、政府支持下产生的,其结果重构了乡村物质和文化景观,并未造成对本地村民的置换。这类绅士化在产生背景、成因、推动者、迁移动机、人口置换及物质景观变迁等方面与西方国家有所不同。该研究为全球乡村绅士化研究提供了中国案例,有助于深化理解旅游发展中乡村社会空间形成与演变规律,为我国乡村振兴提供路径参考。
In Western literature,rural gentrification has long been documented as a threat to indigenous peoples.However,in recent years,the practice of gentrification closely related to tourism development in some rural areas of China has brought about the revitalization of the local population,economy,and culture:it has potential value in reversing the many rural crises present in today’s China.This type of gentrification may be difficult to grasp in terms of current Western ideas about rural gentrification.Thus,the present qualitative study investigates two remote villages(Yaotang and Duanshi)in Danxia Mount,Guangdong province,China;it presents them as cases for examining the characteristics and mechanisms related to tourism-driven rural gentrification.The main conclusions are as follows.(1)The phenomenon of tourism-driven rural gentrification has emerged only recently in China,and it is still at the stage of development and examination.Yaotang and Duanshi epitomize China’s rural gentrification,having gone through two typical phases:first,grassroot merchant-led gentrification;second,enterprise group-led gentrification.As the name suggests,the former is the stage of investment in tourism facilities and production of commercial space spearheaded by grass-root merchants and indigenous villagers;the latter signifies the stage of production of highgrade tourism space and commercialization of the cultural landscape steered by enterprise groups and local villagers.(2)Against broader socioeconomic backdrops(e.g.,social transformation,rapid urbanization,and urban-rural dualism),rural gentrification in contemporary China displays certain transitional characteristics.Those characteristics are mainly reflected in the differences between China and Western countries with respect to driving forces,promoters,migration motivation,displacement.and the material landscape.It is notable that under the premise of maintaining land property rights,indigenous residents of Yaotang and Duanshi have fully exploited economic and cultural capital from gentrifiers toward promoting their own gentrification and development.To a certain extent,that process has promoted the development and revitalization of local rural areas;it has also not resulted in the displacement of indigenous villagers.Nevertheless,owing to fluctuations in the tourism market and influx of large and medium-sized enterprises,the pioneer gentrifiers(grass-root merchants)were gradually replaced by enterprise groups during the second phase.(3)Fundamentally,the type of gentrification seen in Yaotang and Duanshi is driven by tourism consumption:it is led by villagers and external enterprises,and it is supported by government.This type of rural gentrification serves as an excellent reference with respect to the following:curbing rural decline,restoring rural vitality,and promoting rural social and economic development and transformation;it does so by attracting diverse industrial and commercial capital to invest in the countryside.(4)Tourism development has become a leading driving force in developing rural gentrification in China.The basic premise here is that simultaneity and coexistence of tourism production and consumption promote the localization development of rural areas;in that way,they attract gentrifiers(including external tourism business owners and tourism immigrants)to rural spaces.Overall,with its basis on comparative urbanism,this article constitutes a contribution to global rural gentrification theory in terms of process characteristics and formation mechanisms.It may shed light on understanding rural vitalization strategies in the transition era in contemporary China.
作者
王华
苏伟锋
WANG Hua;SU Weifeng(Management School,Jinan University,Guangzhou 510632,China;College of Tourism and Service Management,Nankai University,Tianjin 300350,China)
出处
《旅游学刊》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第5期69-80,共12页
Tourism Tribune
基金
国家自然科学基金面上项目“旅游影响下乡村社会空间生产的机制与模式研究”(41871132)
教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目“旅游影响下乡村社会空间生产:过程、机制与模式研究”(18YJA790077)共同资助
关键词
旅游发展
乡村绅士化
丹霞山瑶塘村和断石村
tourism development
rural gentrification
Yaotang village and Duanshi village in Danxia Mount
作者简介
王华(1978—),男,湖南郴州人,博士,教授,博士生导师,研究方向为旅游地理与旅游规划,E-mail:wanghua@jnu.edu.cn;苏伟锋(1993—),男,福建惠安人,硕士,研究方向为旅游地理,E-mail:weifengsu@foxmail.com。
