习惯观念下司法的均衡功能——以普通法司法技艺的协商性实践过程为例

The Balanced Function of Judicial Practice in the Context of Custom Conception——Discussing on the Deliberative Practice Process of Common Law Artificial Reason

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摘要普通法传统具有自生性,这源于司法技艺背后的习惯观念。尽管“不可追忆习惯”偏离了封建法史实,但习惯观念仍然具有意义,它借助古典共和主义的共同体观念批判了主权共同体理论。“不可追忆习惯”观念是对习惯法渊源的抽象,它为公众提供了理解法律规则的共识性背景,展示了伦理生活中的道德互惠关系。而技艺理性则诠释了共识性背景的公共审议过程,使之具体化为集体经验,从而驱动古代道德向现代规范的稳定转型。这种诠释过程本身具有协商性功能,它以阐述实践理由为核心,对社会伦理基础和主权顶层设计进行均衡,通过协作与商谈两方面功能,聚焦司法实践。一方面,协作功能展现了共识的理性化趋势,营造了对话性法治观;另一方面,商谈功能也避免了一致性趋势沦为集权主义,更加关注实践智慧的合理性,实现人的整体价值。因此,司法技艺不同于现代技术理性,它尊重习惯法传统的有机发展过程,影响了现代法的整体观、实践观和人文关怀。 The common law system benefits from the customary conception behind judicial reason,influenced by the customary law tradition and formed a self-developing history.Although the concept of“immemorial custom”didn’t accord with historical facts of feudal law,the“immemorial custom”is still significant.It restores the community structure of classical republicanism in history against the sovereign community with traditional theory.The concept of“immemorial custom”is an abstraction of the customary law resource.It provides a consensual background for the public to understand legal rules and shows the public deliberation and moral reciprocity in ethical life.Hermeneutically,the artificial reason interprets the consensus background of customary ideas and concretes them into collective experience and public morality,thus driving the ongoing evolution from ancient morality to modern normativity.With the interpretation keeping a deliberative function,it takes the practical reason as the core,balancing the foundation of social ethics and the top-level design of sovereignty and integrating through collaboration and communication.On the one hand,the reason of collaboration function shows the consistent trend of consensus and creates interlocutory sprit.On the other hand,the reasonableness of public communication avoids the tendency of consistency decadent to authoritarianism,and pays more attention to the reasonableness of practical wisdom to realize the integrity of the individuals.Therefore,the artificial reason is different from modern technical rationality.It respects the organic development of customary law tradition and influences the coherence,practical philosophy and humanity of modern law.

作者王永祥 Wang Yongxiang

机构地区首都经济贸易大学法学院

出处《民间法》 2023年第2期319-338,共20页

基金首都经济贸易大学北京市属高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助“新兴权利法定化的司法惯习论基础”(项目编号:XRZ2022015)

关键词习惯技艺理性协商共识司法实践 Custom Artificial reason Deliberation Consensus Judicial practice

分类号 D916 [政治法律—法学] D90 [政治法律—法学理论]

作者简介王永祥,法学博士,首都经济贸易大学法学院讲师。