摘要
上昂、挑斡、昂桯是《营造法式》中记载的三个古建筑名词,从以往的研究来看,几者常常混淆不清,近年朱永春和林琳对相关问题做了深入细致的探讨,研究有了重大突破,但其中仍存疑问。本文深入剖析了《营造法式》的相关条文,再从"桯"字的古汉语释义出发尝试诠释昂桯的具体所指。结果表明:上昂、挑斡、昂桯均是用于铺作里跳的斜向构件。上昂用于设平棊的建筑中,用来直接或者间接支撑平棊方、井口方,也可用于平坐铺作中来直接或间接支撑铺版方;挑斡是下昂昂尾上挑简单斗栱组合的做法,用于徹上明造建筑中直接或者间接上挑下平榑(方);昂桯也用于徹上明造建筑,用来支撑挑斡。
Shang’ang,Tiaowo and Angting are three terms of Chinese traditional timber structure recorded in Ying Zao Fa Shi,a Chinese ancient monograph on architectural technology finished around AD1104.Past researchers often confused these three terms,although Zhu Yongchun and Lin Lin had discussed these terms in detail and made a great breakthrough,there still remain several questions.This paper analyses relative records in Ying Zao Fa Shi and interprets the specific meaning of Angting by analyzing the ancient meaning of the Chinese character of Ting.The study shows that Shang’ang,Tiaowo and Angting are all slanting components in the inward projecting bracket.Shang’ang was used in the buildings with paneled ceiling and its function was to support beams of ceiling directly or indirectly,while it was also used in the bracket set of Pingzuo to support beams.Tiaowo should be a practice of the end of Xiaang,a kind of slanting components in bracket set,its function should be to support purlins called Xia Ping Tuan in Chinese.Angting was used in buildings without ceiling and its function should be to support Tiaowo.
作者
谢易兵
张毅捷
罗晗瑞
XIE Yibing;ZHANG Yijie;LUO Hanrui(School of Architecture and Design,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu,611756)
出处
《文物建筑》
2020年第1期1-18,共18页
Traditional Architecture
基金
国家自然科学基金面上基金项目“结构技术演进角度的东亚八至十三世纪歇山建筑大木技术流变研究”(批准号:51978574)
教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目“中原、华北地区唐至宋金歇山建筑技术流变研究”(批准号:17YJA770022)
中央高校基本科研业务费专项基金科技创新项目“晋冀豫唐至宋金歇山建筑技术流变研究”(批准号:2682017CX014)的阶段性成果
