摘要
网络谣言是指网络空间中的谣言,网络谣言的本质是谣言,但又有不同于传统谣言的特点。网络谣言具有快速性、隐蔽性、成本低、范围广、危害大的特点。网络谣言的刑事规制实践表明:较之于网络犯罪的高发态势,网络谣言构成犯罪的比例不高;罪名适用多元化,但又相对集中于诽谤罪、寻衅滋事罪和编造、故意传播虚假信息罪;网络谣言的传播内容和渠道均呈现多样化的特点;实然罪名和应然罪名之间存在较大差异。面对日益膨胀的网络言论,我国刑事立法和司法积极回应。虽说这是一种"迫不得已",是一种问题性思考方式下的应对措施,但同时这也标志着我国在国家法律制度层面实现从权利保障向风险控制的理念转变。运用刑事手段来打击网络谣言,存在理念、制度、技术三个层面的困境。从理念层面看,刑法的谦抑性被搁浅;从制度层面看,刑事立法和司法缺乏体系性思考;从技术层面看,网络空间的"公共秩序严重混乱"的判断标准不明确。国家(社会)治理能力、治理水平的提升是具体的,不是抽象的。由于网络谣言的治理涉及多种价值的平衡(最起码有言论自由和社会秩序两种价值),从治本的角度看,必须站在更高的视野来看待网络谣言的治理问题。网络谣言治理模式的优化应该从两个层次展开:第一层次是区分法律之内和法律之外;第二层次是在法律之内区分刑法之内与其他法律规范。
Cyber rumors refer to rumors in cyberspace.The nature of cyber rumors is rumors,but they are different from traditional rumors.Cyber rumors are fast,concealed,low cost,wide in scope,and harmful.The criminal regulation practice of cyber rumors shows that compared with the high incidence of cyber crimes,cyber rumors constitute a low proportion of crimes;the charges apply to diversification,but are relatively concentrated on defamation,provocation,and fabrication,intentionally spreading false information;The content and channels of Internet rumors are diversified;there is a big difference between the actual and supposed crimes.Facing the ever-expanding online speech,China’s criminal legislation and judicial response have been positive.Although this is a"must-have"and a countermeasure in a problematic way of thinking,at the same time it also marks that China has realized a change in the concept of rights protection to risk control at the level of the national legal system.The use of criminal methods to combat online rumors has dilemmas at the three levels of philosophy,system,and technology.From the perspective of ideas,the modest nature of criminal law has been stranded.From the perspective of systems,criminal legislation and justice lack systematic thinking.From the perspective of technology,the criteria for judging"serious public order in cyberspace"are not clear.The improvement of national(social)governance capacity and governance level is concrete,not abstract.Because the governance of cyber rumors involves the balance of multiple values(at least two values of freedom of speech and social order),from a fundamental perspective,we must look at the governance of cyber rumors from a higher perspective.The optimization of the cyber rumor governance model should be carried out from two levels:the first level is to distinguish between the inside of the law and the outside of the law;the second level is to distinguish between the inside of the criminal law and other legal norms.
作者
徐洋洋
刘诗楦
Xu Yangyang;Liu Shixuan
出处
《网络信息法学研究》
2020年第1期99-126,270-271,共30页
Journal of Cyber and Information Law
基金
2019年上海司法智库课题“从网络谣言的刑事规制的大数据分析谈社会综合治理模式的创新与优化”的阶段性成果
关键词
网络谣言
刑事规制
寻衅滋事罪
言论自由
社会治理
Cyber rumor
Crimina regulation
Provocation trouble
Freedom of speech social governancef
作者简介
徐洋洋,上海市嘉定区人民法院刑事审判庭法官助理;刘诗楦,上海市嘉定区人民检察院第三检察部检察官助理
