摘要
德行领导是家长式领导的核心构念,而德行被认为是华人领导者的必备特质。但华人社会的“人治主义”倾向使领导者习惯恩威并施,仁慈亦可能因人而异,导致德行领导与现代企业制度的配合不佳,“以德服人”存在实践上的困难。本文采用扎根理论研究方法,从六家超家族主义企业的实践中发现,它们的企业领导者长期修身,通过个人德行感召员工共同修身,将德行从领导者的个人特质顺利外化为组织德行,从而建构了“德礼相辅”的机制。研究从领导风格、组织文化、组织伦理等角度拓展了对组织德行形成条件的理解,从中发现,“德”与“礼”的双重作用将中国传统的伦理优势接续至组织中,也有利于消解单一制度伦理导致的员工缺乏主动性与道德自觉的困境,因而可视为本土企业伦理机制的创新。
Past research has shown that morality leadership is the core concept of paternalistic leadership,and that morality is considered a necessary trait for Chinese leaders.In reality,there is a general tendency of“rule of man”in the Chinese society,and leaders are accustomed to using the mixture of benevolence and authority in their management.This phenomenon leads to the fact that the characteristic of benevolence may vary from person to person,and the final result is that morality leadership does poorly match with the modern enterprise system,and therefore,there is a practical difficulty in“influence others through virtue”.However,this paper observes a group of Transfamiliness firms and finds that their leaders are often able to influence people with virtue and enhance the moral level of the organization as a whole,thus promoting employees’work initiative and moral performance.Thus,the purpose of this paper is to explore the mechanism of this phenomenon and to understand how morality is transformed from an individual trait to the moral performance of the organization.In answering this question,this paper adopts a grounded theory approach by selecting the sample of six transfamiliness firms with outstandingly effective virtues practices.And conducting a qualitative study of them over a period of eight years in order to reveal the“black box”of the mechanisms of virtues externalization in such firms.By comparing the literature with the conceptualizations of virtuous leadership and leadership virtues,we explore the reasons why virtues play a managerial role in firms.In this process,we found that the studies on morality leadership are based on the perspective of leadership behavior theory,and they focus on the moral behavior of leaders,and from the perspective of trait theory,although morality is regarded as a core trait necessary for Chinese leaders,few studies have focused on how the individual leader’s morality acts on the organization and externalizes into the organizational morality of the enterprise as a whole.Therefore,research on leader morality from the perspective of trait theory is an urgent task to be carried out.The main innovative aspects of this paper is that based on the recent practices of six Transfamiliness firms from China,we find that:①these entrepreneurs cultivate themselves over a long period of time,and inspire their employees through their personal virtues,thus smoothly externalizing the morality from the leader’s personal attributes to the organizational morality,and thus constructing a mechanism of Morality and Etiquette Complementarity.②The study expands the understanding of the conditions for the formation of organizational virtuousness from the perspectives of leadership style,organizational culture,and organizational ethics.③The dual roles of morality and etiquette succeed the ethical strengths of the Chinese tradition in the organization,and help to eliminate the lack of initiative and motivation of employees caused by a single institutional ethic.It is also conducive to eliminating the dilemma of employees’lack of initiative and moral self-awareness caused by a single institutional ethic,and thus can be regarded as an innovation in the ethical mechanism of local enterprises.From the perspective of practical significance,the mechanism of Morality and Etiquette Complementarity in transfamiliness enterprises is an effective measure to continuously stimulate employees’moral self-awareness and management self-awareness.Furthermore,the ethic of Morality and Etiquette Complementarity is conducive to the formation of a harmonious atmosphere in the enterprise.People show positive working attitude and goodwill through moral consciousness,rather than based on the exchange of benefits.In this way,it is possible to transcend the assumption of“economic man”in practice,and form a kind of corporate ethics that is more in line with the expectations of Chinese management and the general public.Lastly,the limitation of this paper is that the theoretical clues to the successful externalization of morality from personal traits to organizational morality are only found in a few samples of a single type of enterprises,but the key to the externalization of morality lies in the ability of corporate leaders to maintain moral traits in the long run.Thus,research on this topic still needs to be explored in more types of firms and in different contextual cultures.Future research could also develop testable constructs through scales and collect more quantitative data through empirical research methods to discuss the correlation between management ethics and business performance.
作者
谷欣然
钱晨
晁罡
Xinran Gu;Chen Qian;Gang Chao(Department of Business Administration,Faculty of Management and Economics,Kunming University of Science and Technology;Department of Leadership and Organizational Management,School of Economics and Management,Tsinghua University;Department of Management Studies,South China University of Technology,School of Business Administration)
出处
《管理学季刊》
2024年第1期79-102,129-130,共26页
Quarterly Journal of Management
基金
马克思主义理论研究和建设工程2023年度重大项目暨国家社会科学基金重大项目“教育、科技、人才是全面建设社会主义现代化国家的基础性战略性支撑研究”(2023MZD010)
国家自然科学基金面上项目“当代中国企业家的天下格局:概念提出、量表开发和效能验证”(72072061)
2023年度昆明理工大学哲学社会科学学术精品培育计划项目“德礼相辅:基于超家族主义的本土企业新型伦理机制研究”(JPSC2023001)的支持
关键词
德行领导
组织德行
超家族主义
德行伦理
制度伦理
morality leadership
organizational virtuousness
transfamiliness
virtue ethics
institutional ethics
作者简介
谷欣然,E-mail:guxinran@kust.edu.cn,昆明理工大学管理与经济学院讲师,2022年毕业于华南理工大学工商管理学院,获管理学博士学位。主要研究方向为本土化管理、企业社会责任、企业伦理等领域,相关研究发表在Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology和《外国经济与管理》等国内外管理学期刊;钱晨,E-mail:qianchen@sem.tsinghua.edu.cn,清华大学经济管理学院博士后,2022年毕业于华南理工大学工商管理学院,获管理学博士学位。主要研究方向为企业社会责任、本土化管理、企业伦理等领域,相关研究发表在《中国工业经济》《外国经济与管理》等管理学核心期刊;晁罡,E-mail:gzhao@scut.edu.cn,华南理工大学工商管理学院教授,2008年毕业于华南理工大学工商管理学院,获管理学博士学位。主要研究方向为企业社会责任、传统文化现代化管理、企业伦理等领域,相关研究发表在《中国工业经济》《管理学报》《外国经济与管理》等管理学核心期刊
