摘要
晚清史学译介是中国史学现代性演变的催化剂,催生出国家和民族认同概念。本文综合话语分析和历史分析,考察"国"在林则徐、艾约瑟、梁启超译著中的现代性演变:在晚清初期以林则徐为代表的译者笔下,"国"的话语体系背后仍然是"华夷天下"的空间想象,华夏王朝与他国之间延续"修文德以来之"的文化隐喻;艾约瑟代表的传教士译者以西方历史观为思想底色,译著中的"国"是以欧洲为中心、以西方竞争开拓精神为隐喻的"万国";经历清末社会剧变之后,梁启超等新型现代知识分子广译西史,促成从"国"到"国家"的话语转变,也是传统的"天下"缩变为"国家"的话语标记,国家这个想象体过渡到以民族为核心的隐喻意义。通过对以上三位代表译者译著中的话语分析和历史分析,本文认为"国"在晚清史学译介中经历了"天下义""万国义""国家义"的语义缩变,以及"文化隐喻""竞争隐喻""民族隐喻"的实体化隐喻演变,形成超胜于传统"王朝"观念的"国族"话语。"国"的话语演变是会通传统天下观与西方国家观的结果,汉语的模糊性是其重要媒介。
Translation of historical narratives in late Qing Dynasty has accelerated the modernized transformation of traditional Chinese historiography and given rise to the concept of modernized state and ethnic identity.This paper is devoted to discourse and ideological analysis of Guo in the translation of Lin Zexu,Joseph Edkins and Liang Qichao,and the findings are concluded as follows.During the preliminary stage of the late Qing Dynasty,in the translation of Lin Zexu,the most representative translator of his time,the discourse system of"Guo"is endowed with the implication of"the superior empire and its allegiant states",between the two of which the supreme culture of the former and the admiration of the latter form the innate metaphor behind the discourse system of"Guo".Then,Joseph Edkins,the representative missionary translator who is immersed in the western concept of history,has translated Guo in the line of Europe-centered and competition-focused discourse system.After decades of turmoil of late Qing society,Liao Qichao,along with a group of modern intellectuals dedicated into the translation of western history,has initiated the mission of transforming the traditional discourse of"Guo"into the modern concept of"nation-state",which is a landmark of the shift in the concept of China from the center of the universe to an independent state,a state that embodies the unification of nationalities.Based on the previous analysis,it can be safely concluded that the Chinese character"Guo"has witnessed the semantic contraction from the connotation of the world,to independent state,and to ethnic state,and meanwhile,has experienced a specified trend in the metaphorical implication from the perspective of civilization,to competition,and to ethnic identity,all of which have contributed to the establishment of the"nation-state"discourse that has transcended from the traditional"dynasty-focused"concept.The discourse shift of"Guo"attests to the integration between traditional and western concept of nation,in which the Chinese discourse system is inherent with fuzziness and flexibility to reward itself an active medium.
出处
《全球史评论》
2020年第2期-,共16页
Global History Review
关键词
史学译介
话语演变
现代性
国
国族
Translation of Historical Narratives
Discourse Shift
Modernity
Guo
Nation-State
作者简介
陈琛,华东师范大学国际汉语文化学院博士研究生
