摘要
莫高窟第323窟是学术界关注较多的洞窟之一,对于该窟,笔者之前曾就《张骞出使西域图》,从“角色转换”与“历史记忆”的角度做过尝试性探讨,并附带对洞窟功德窟相关问题有过推测。洞窟南北壁所绘有关佛教在中土传播灵异故事中的几位核心人物有浓厚的胡人背景,佛图澄本西域龟兹胡僧,又是胡人集团后赵政权的“大和尚”,^(①)康僧会“其先康居人,世居天竺,其父因商贾移于交趾”。^(②)东晋杨都出金像和西晋石佛浮江故事均来自高僧慧达,慧达本离石“稽胡”,被当地人称为“苏何圣”,其所授记的番禾御谷瑞像被称为“刘师佛”“胡师佛”,可读胡语经典,又有诸多胡僧的神异功能,其胡僧的色彩非常突出。^(③)
The main part of the murals in Mogao Cave 323 of High Tang Dynasty selected the spread history of Buddhism from central mainland of China as the main content,which is genius in the history of Medieval Buddhism art history without sharing second example.In view of this,what is the purpose of building Cave 323?Why is it designed and built with such an image space focusing on the spread history of Buddhism from central mainland of China before the Tang Dynasty?A brief examination of history shows that in the period of Cave 323,a large number of Sogdian residents in Shicheng,Boxian and Khotan on the eastern part of the southern margin of Tarim migrated into Shazhou on a large scale as a result of the internal wars among the Western Turks precisely after the first year of Jinglong reign(707).Before this,in the late Wuzhou period,several batches of Tuyuhun people also submitted to Tang and were resettled in Guazhou and Shazhou areas for various reasons.In consequence,facing the largescale immigrant Sogdians(may include some Tuyuhun people)who mainly believe in Zoroastrianism,the Buddhist community in Dunhuang made full use of the original Sogdians who had converted to Buddhism as a supplement.Neighboring with the former built Sogdian An’s Gongde Cave 322,they took advantage of the favorable condition that Mogao Grottoes was the public cultural center,broke the convention and chose to build a new cave with special function centering on displaying important historical stories on the spread of Buddhism from central mainland of China before the Tang Dynasty,which gradually formed a place similar to Buddhist lecture hall that disseminated Buddhist knowledge to these Sogdians.Therefore,it can be said that Mogao Cave 323 was built specifically for the Buddhist knowledge need of the Sogdians,which is unique in the Buddhism art history,a particular case in Dunhuang Grottoes and is of great significance.
作者
沙武田
郑炳林
Sha Wutian;Zheng Binglin(Shaanxi Normal University;Lanzhou University)
出处
《丝绸之路研究集刊》
2022年第2期230-268,530-531,共41页
Journal of the Silk Road Studies
基金
长安与丝路文化传播学科创新引智基地(B1803)
国家社科基金冷门绝学研究专项学术团队项目“敦煌壁画外来图像文明属性研究”(20VJXT014)阶段性成果。
