摘要
道德在认知上有三个层次的抽象水平,最底层的是原则层次,如公正或仁爱原则,最表层的是行为规范,居中的是中层概念。据此,学校德育也可以分出行为规范教育、中层概念教育、道德原则教育。这三个层级在教育旨趣上有所区别。行为规范教育是典型的内容维度的教育,以了解、掌握、遵循规范为目标,它需要区分规范的类型以便把握教育的重点。中层道德概念的教育兼顾了德育的内容维度与形式维度,不仅注重行为的执行,而且关注行为的动机。它需要从概念、情境、动机三个维度开展教育。道德原则教育则从德育的内容维度走向了形式维度,道德规范与概念只是进行形式教育的脚手架,重点对动机推理和体谅移情的思维方式进行培养。这三个层级构成了层层超越的德育体系,不仅有利于提升我国德育的科学性,也可以成为开展大中小学德育一体化的逻辑脉络。
There are three levels of abstraction in the cognition of morality,the bottom level is the principle level,such as the principle of justice or benevolence,the top level is the codes of conduct,and the middle is the intermediate concepts.School moral education system can accordingly be compounded from education in codes of conduct,intermediate concepts and moral principle.These three levels are different in their educational features.Codes of conduct education is a typical content orientation education,aiming at understanding,mastering and following norms.It needs to distinguish the types of norms in order to grasp the key points of education.The education of intermediate moral concepts takes into account the content dimension and form dimension of moral education,as well.It not only pays attention to the implementation of moral conducts,but also pays attention to the motivations.It needs to carry out education from three dimensions:concept,situation and motivation.The education of moral principle has changed from the content dimension to the form dimension.Moral norms and concepts are only treated as scaffolds for forming formal principle,focusing on the cultivation of motivation reasoning and empathy.These three levels constitute a moral education system,which is not only conducive to improving the scientific function of moral education in China,but also can be the logic system of the integration of moral education in primary,secondary schools and that in universities.
作者
徐俊
刘次林
Xu Jun;Liu Cilin(College of Education,Shanghai Normal University,Shanghai 200234)
出处
《教育发展研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2020年第12期7-14,共8页
Research in Educational Development
关键词
德育
行为规范
中层概念
道德原则
moral education
codes of conduct
intermediate concepts
moral principle
