摘要
激发乡村学校办学活力是落实办学自主权、营造良好教育环境的目标指向,也是教育治理体系和治理能力现代化的集中体现。城市学校的大班大校和乡村学校的小规模,形成了城乡学校在管理体制上的重要区分,前者有独立法人地位,而后者在教师、资金和决策上无办学自主权;乡村学校具有成本低让改革易成行、关注少让学校无压力、规模小让试验少风险的天然优势。这两点构成了激发办学活力的现实前提。乡村学校治理应该在教师配置和管理、资金筹措和使用、教学和课程等关键领域享有自主权,要做到权责对等。乡村学校应积极构建现代化的治理体系,建立校务委员会领导下的校长负责制,健全民主决策程序,真正实现多元共治格局。要加强治理能力现代化建设:在提高乡村校长领导力水平上,需要"让有能力的校长冒出来"以及"让冒出来的校长能力可持续增强";在设计多样化办学的动力机制上,需要落实乡村学校办学自主权,设计"有条件的获取"原则,有条件地利用制度逻辑中的文化因素;在提高乡村学校的办学自信上,要积极实施在地化的教育,建立基于学生相对进步的评价机制,挖掘乡村学校的潜在优势。
Stimulating the vitality of operation for rural school is target of the implementing the autonomy of school operation and creating a good educational environment. Meanwhile,it is also the concentration reflection of the educational modernization of governance systems and capabilities. The large school and class size of urban schools and the small size of rural schools form an important distinction in the management system between urban and rural schools. The former has an independent legal person status,while the latter has no autonomy in terms of teachers,funds and decision-making. This is the realistic premise that stimulate the vitality of school operation. Rural schools have the natural advantages which are low cost of easily implementation of reform,less attention of no pressure on schools and small scale of less risk of experiments. They should have autonomy in key areas such as teacher allocation and management,fund raising and use,teaching and curriculum,also make sure having equal rights and responsibilities. Rural schools should actively build a modern governance system,establish the principal responsibility system under the leadership of the school council,improve the democratic decision-making process,and truly realize the pluralistic co-governance pattern. We should strengthen the modernization of governance capacity. Firstly,it is necessary to"let capable principals emerge"and"let the emerging principals’ abilities be strengthened sustainably"to improve the leadership level of rural principals. Secondly,it is necessary to implement the autonomy of rural school operation,design the principle of"conditional acquisition",and make use of the cultural factors in the system logic conditionally. It is helpful to design the dynamic mechanism of diversified school operation. At last,it is necessary to actively implement localized education,establish an evaluation mechanism based on the relative progress of students,and explore the potential advantages of rural schools in order to improve the running confidence of rural schools.
作者
王帅
凡勇昆
Wang Shuai;Fan Yongkun(Jilin Provincial Institute Education,Changchun 130022;China Institute for Rural Education Development Studies,Northeast Normal University,Changchun 130024)
出处
《教育发展研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2020年第15期46-53,共8页
Research in Educational Development
基金
吉林省教育厅“十三五”社会科学研究项目“吉林省中小学校长胜任力模型构建与应用研究”(吉教科文合字[2016]第168号)
自然科学中央高校基本科研业务费资助项目“乡村学校优势挖掘力模型及教育质量提升研究”(2412018JC008)的部分成果
关键词
乡村学校
办学活力
治理体系和能力
教育现代化
rural school
the vitality of school operation
governance systems and capabilities
educational modernization
