摘要
契约法理论建立在私法自治与契约自由之上,作为核心的“约定必须遵守”,其正当化的根据正是合意理论,它包括两个前提:“契约双方是平等的”,以及“个人是自己利益的最佳判断者”。然而在保险契约关系中,定型化契约下谈判能力不对等以及严重的信息不对称,造成保险契约双方的不平等;而保险消费者因保险商品的特殊性而产生的认知偏差,以及因保险人及代理人的销售误导所产生的决策偏差,致使保险消费者的有限理性,这都导致保险契约双方合意的异化,因此需要适合性义务予以介入。进言之,适合性义务为保险消费者提供一种家长式的保护,有利于重建完全的保险契约,实现缔约效率最大化。而要求保险人为保险消费者的利益所考虑,并旨在矫正市场失灵下的结构性不平等,进而维护契约双方的均衡,正是诚信原则与对价平衡原则的内在要求。
Contract law based on autonomy of private law and freedom of contract,of which“Pacta sunt servanda"works as the core,of which justification of the according is Consensus Theory,including two premises:"both sides of contract are equal”,and“individual is the best judge of his own interests”.However,in insurance contract,the imparity negotiation ability and the serious information asymmetry that leads the inequality of two parties.And insurance consumer cognitive deviation by the particularity of insurance goods,and decision-making deviation by misleading sales by insurer and broker,which leads to the bounded rationality of insurance consumers,and results in the alienation of insurance contract consensus,so that suitability obligation is needed.Moreover,suitability obligation provides a paternalistic protection for the insurance consumer,which is beneficial to the reconstruction of complete insurance contract and maximize the contracting efficiency.And it requires insurer to consider the interests of consumers,in order to correct market failure under the structural inequality,and thus maintain the equilibrium of both contract sides,which is the inherent requirement of the principle of good faith and valuation balance.
出处
《私法》
2021年第2期174-195,共22页
Private Law Review
基金
湖北省社科基金一般项目“金融风险治理背景下保险契约适合性义务制度构造论”(项目编号:2019044)
武汉工程大学科学研究基金项目“金融风险治理背景下保险销售适合性法律制度研究”(项目编号:19QD53)
武汉工程大学人文社科基金项目“投资型保险风险防范的法律规制研究”(项目编号:007025)成果
关键词
保险契约
适合性义务
契约自由
法经济学
Insurance Contract
Suitability Obligation
Freedom of Contract
Economic Analysis of Law
作者简介
张晓萌(1990一),武汉工程大学法商学院讲师,主要研究方向:保险法、经济法。
