摘要
《庄子》较早讨论寓言、重言、卮言“三言”问题,道与言的关系是其语言哲学的核心议题。王船山晚年以随文衍义的方式注解《庄子》,旗帜鲜明地指出寓言、重言皆是卮言。而卮言又犹如天倪,“天均者天倪也”。故而,天均、天倪是理解卮言的关键所在。具体而言,在追溯与卮言紧密相关的天均、天倪之取象原型的基础上,船山以隐喻的方式形象论证卮言是笼罩群言,乃至统摄寓言与重言的圆遍之言、流转之言。在气化宇宙论的思维框架下,王船山还将时空维度引入对语言意义的理解,卮言随顺宇宙大化的氤氲流行而不断生成变化,言辞的意义彰显于变动不居、具体而微的生活世界。因而,船山之卮言是变化日新、无是无非、两端皆可的道言,船山采用忘言的方式反复言说,以此调和道与语言文字“不相肖”的问题,有效回应庄子终日言而未尝言的言说困境。
Zhuangzi discussed the“three words”of allegory,tautology and stele earlier,and the relationship between Dao and speech is the core issue of his philosophy of language.In his later years,Wang Chuanshan annotated Zhuangzi in a way of expanding upon the meaning of the text,and clearly pointed out that fables and tautology are all random words.Random words are akin to tianmi(the division of nature),just as tianjun(heavenly potter's wheel).Therefore,tianni and tianjun are the key to understanding random words.Specifically,on the basis of tracing the archetypes of tianjun and tianni which are closely related to random words,W ang imagines in a metaphorical way that random words are circular and circulat ing words covering mass words and even controlling allegory and tautology.Under the thinking framework of qi cosmology,Wang also introduced the dimension of time and space into the understanding of the meaning of language,and random words constantly generated and changed along with the operation of the universe,and the meaning of words was manifested in the changeable and smaller but specific life world.Therefore,according to Wang,random words are words of the Dao which are changeable,beyond right or wrong and connects the two ends.Wang repeats in the way of forgetting words in order to reconcile the“dissimilar”problem between the Dao and language and effectively respond to Zhuangzi's speech dilemma of speaking all day long without any words.
出处
《思想与文化》
2023年第2期96-108,共13页
Thought & Culture
基金
国家社科基金重大项目“中国语言哲学史(多卷本)”(18ZDA019)
浙江省哲学社会科学规划课题“船山庄学及其气学体系建构”(23NDJC138YB)
宁波大学省属高校基本科研业务费“天人合一视域下王船山庄学思想研究”(SJWZ2024009)
关键词
王船山
卮言
天均
天倪
道言
忘言
Wang Chuanshan
random words
heavenly potter's wheel
division of nature
words of the Dao
forgetting words
作者简介
王志俊(1989—),女,河南信阳人,哲学博士,宁波大学马克思主义学院暨哲学与国学研究中心特聘副研究员,主要研究领域为宋明理学。
