摘要
目的随着现代结核病控制策略的广泛实施,结核病防治工作取得了明显成效,但目前还面临着诸多问题与挑战,结核病仍是严重危害人类健康的重大传染病之一。本研究旨在通过了解洛阳市涧西区2010-2018年肺结核病例分布特征,为制订预防控制措施提供科学依据。方法收集洛阳市涧西区2010-2018年报告的肺结核病例,采用描述流行病学进行分析。结果2010-2018年全区共报告肺结核2035例,年均发病率为37.3/10万,肺结核发病呈波动性下降趋势,χ2=84.21,P<0.05。肺结核病例在各街道办事处(乡)均有发生,其中长春路、天津路和南昌路病例较多,3个办事处(乡)病例数占总发病数的36.21%。全年各月均有病例发生,其中5月份发病最多,其次为12月份,8月份最少,分别占总病例数的10.51%、9.92%和6.83%。各年龄组均有病例报告,0~14岁发病率最低,15~岁发病迅速上升,到25岁有1个小高峰(61.28/10万),随后开始下降,35~岁又开始缓慢上升,50岁超过平均发病率,70~岁快速上升,85~岁最高(134.7/10万),形成1个新的高峰。男性发病率为48.35/10万,高于女性的25.78/10万,男女性别比为1.87∶1,χ2=185.97,P<0.05。发病职业以家务及待业最多,占30.42%;其次是离退人员和工人,分别占18.48%和13.27%;农民、学生和干部等其他职业占比较少。结论洛阳市涧西区肺结核发病呈波动性下降趋势,男性青壮年及老年人为预防和控制肺结核的重点人群;提高监测敏感性,做好传染源发现和随访管理是防控肺结核疫情的关键。
OBJECTIVE With the wide implementation of modern tuberculosis control strategy,the prevention and treatment of tuberculosis has achieved significant results,but there are still many problems and challenges,tuberculosis is still one of the major infectious diseases which seriously endanger people’s health.This paper aims to provide a scientific basis for formulating prevention and control measures by understanding the distribution characteristics of tuberculosis cases in Jianxi District,Luoyang City from 2010 to 2018.METHODS Descriptive epidemiology was used to analyze tuberculosis cases reported in Jianxi District,Luoyang City from 2010 to 2018.RESULTS From 2010 to 2018,a total of 2035 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis were reported in the whole district,with an average annual incidence of 37.3/100000.The incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis showed a decreasing trend(χ~2=84.21,P<0.05).Large number of cases was in Changchun Road,Tianjin Road and Nanchang Road which accounts for 36.21%of the total.Cases occurred in all the months of the year,with the most cases occurring in May,followed by December and the least in August,10.51%,9.92%and 6.83%of the total number of cases,respectively.Cases were reported in all age groups,with the lowest incidence occurring in the 0-14 age group and a rapid increase in cases over 15 years old,with a small peak(61.28/100000)at the age of 25 years,followed by a decline.Over the age of 35,the incidence rate began to rise slowly again,forming a new peak.The incidence rate of men(48.35/100000)was higher than that of women(25.78/100000),the ratio of male to female was 1.87∶1(χ~2=185.97,P<0.05).The most common occupation was housework and unemployment,accounting for 30.42%,followed by the retired persons and workers,accounting for 18.48%and 13.27%,respectively.CONCLUSIONS The incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis in Jianxi District,Luoyang City showed a decreasing trend of fluctuation,young and middle-aged men and the elderly were the key population for the prevention and control of pulmonary tuberculosis.The key to prevent and control the epidemic situation of pulmonary tuberculosis is to find out the source of infection and manage the follow-up.
作者
肖云荣
马剑锋
XIAO Yun-rong;MA Jian-feng(Infectious Disease Control and Prevention Institute,Luoyang Jianxi District Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Luoyang471003,P.R.China)
出处
《社区医学杂志》
2020年第17期1173-1176,共4页
Journal Of Community Medicine
关键词
肺结核
发病
性别
老年人
洛阳市
tuberculosis
incidence
gender
elderly
Luoyang City
作者简介
通信作者:肖云荣,女,河南邓州人,副主任医师,主要从事疾病预防控制的研究工作。Tel:86-379-64819686 E-mail:jxxyr168@126.com
