礼法断层在近代的发生学——兼论礼与法的接轨被引量：1

The Genealogy of the Genesis of the Break-up Between“Rites”and“Law”in Modem Times

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摘要传统的“礼”与现代的“法”之间,经晚清修订新律引发的礼法之争,直至五四反礼教思潮前后二十余年的剧烈震荡,断裂为一道鸿沟。严复在1902至1913年间所译孟德斯鸠《法意》,提供了从观念史角度审视的一个典型标本。在孟德斯鸠“礼学四分”的类型学框架基础上,严复最终将“礼”从“法”的概念中割裂出去,形成“法制”/“礼俗”两分的理论框架,构成礼法断层的理论来源。东亚礼教批判的开闸者福泽谕吉所著《文明论概略》(1875年),在日本所掀起的礼教批判浪潮,对晚清至五四时期的中国思想界产生了深层次的诱发、解锁和冲击效应。此后,黜“礼”隆“法”的学术生态逐渐形成一种趋势,学术界曾对礼与法的接轨提出多种方案,但普遍呈现出因学理铺垫不足而榫口对不准的问题。礼法接轨的当代困境,与分学科隔离式取样研究的学术现状关系密切,对礼治的整体性和内在活力把握不足是其中的关键原因。 Caused by the revision of the judicial system in the late Qing dynasty and the violent shock of more than 20 years around the May Fourth anti-lijiao(feudal ethical code)ideological trend,the dispute between the traditional“li”(Confucian Rites)and the modern“law”broke into a chasm.Yan Fu’s translation of Montesquieu’s The Spirit of the Laws(Fayi),from 1902to 1913,provides a typical specimen to scan the above-mentioned dispute from the perspective of conceptual history.On the basis of the typology framework of Montesquieu’s“four divisions of rites”,Yan Fu finally separated“rites”from the concept of“law”,forming a theoretical framework of“legal system”/“rites and customs”which constitutes the theoretical source of the break of“li”and“law”.As the initiator of the criticism of East Asian feudal ethical code,Fukuzawa Yukichi wrote An Outline of a Theory of Civilization(1875),setting off a wave of criticism of feudal ethical code in Japan,which caused a deep-seated induction,deblocking and impact toward the Chinese intellectuals from the late Qing dynasty to the May Fourth Movement period.Since then,the academic ecology of deposing“li”and promoting“law”has gradually developed into a trend.The academia has proposed a variety of schemes for the integration of“li”and“law”,but it generally presents the problem of inaccurate docking due to insufficient academic foundation.The contemporary dilemma of the integration of“li”and“law”is closely related to the academic status of the isolated sampling research among different disciplines.The key reason is the lack of a grasp of the integrity and internal vitality of the“rule of li”.

作者顾涛 Gu Tao

机构地区清华大学历史系

出处《史学月刊》 CSSCI 北大核心 2023年第6期104-118,共15页 Journal of Historical Science

关键词礼法关系反礼教《法意》孟德斯鸠福泽谕吉 Relationship between“Rites(li)”and“Law” Criticism of Feudal Ethical Code The Spirit of the Laws Montesquieu Fukuzawa Yukichi

分类号 K092 [历史地理—历史学]

作者简介顾涛,文学博士,清华大学历史系副教授。北京,100084。