摘要
实地调研发现,长三角20家基层法院小额诉讼案件调解率畸高。就诉讼程序而言,小额程序调解率远高于普通程序;就结案方式而言,小额案件调解率普遍高于判决率或撤诉率。畸高调解率系诸多因素综合作用的结果:案件性质的内在影响、考核指标的多重约束、基层法院的积极推动和诉讼主体的趋利避害,这引发了对小额程序诉讼调解的价值审视。诉讼调解对于化解小额案件具有积极效果,但“畸高调解率”潜藏着司法风险且消解了程序优势。为纾解这一困局,应当在肯定诉前调解“失灵论”和否定诉讼调解“否定论”的基础上,实行小额案件诉讼调解的“区隔化”治理,如此顺应诉源治理的改革逻辑,实现小额程序的价值回归。
A field survey of 20 primary courts located in the Yangtze River Delta region found that the mediation rate of small claims cases was extremely high.In the matter of the litigation procedure,the mediation rate of small claims procedure is much higher than that of ordinary procedure;in terms of the closed ways of the cases,the mediation rate of small claims cases is generally higher than the rate of judgment or withdrawal.There are multiple factors contribute to the excessively high mediation rate:the inherent influence of the nature of the cases,the multiple constraints of the assessment indicators,the active promotion of the primary courts,and the pursuit of advantages and avoidance of disadvantages of the litigation subjects,which triggers a review of the value of small claims litigation mediation.Litigation mediation has a positive effect on resolving small claims cases,but the high mediation rate hides judicial risks and eliminates procedural advantages.In an effort to provide intelligence for alleviating this dilemma,on the basis of affirming the“failure theory”of pre-litigation mediation and denying the“denial theory”of litigation mediation,we should implement the“compartmentalization”governance of litigation mediation in small claims cases,so as to conform to the reform logic of litigation source governance and recall the value return of small claims procedure.
出处
《商事仲裁与调解》
2024年第4期103-119,共17页
Commercial Arbitration & Mediation
基金
安徽省法学会“诉源治理背景下人民调解的安徽经验研究”项目(项目编号:2024YBKT-1)的部分研究成果
关键词
小额诉讼程序
诉讼调解
诉前调解
调判关系
诉源治理
small claims procedure
litigation mediation
pre-litigation mediation
the relationship between mediation and judgment
governance of disputes at source
作者简介
张瑞豪,华东政法大学法律学院2024级硕士研究生。
