摘要
本文研究了广西贵港北郊汉墓群出土的21件典型青铜器残片的锈蚀特征,利用金相显微镜、超景深显微镜、扫描电镜能谱分析(SEM-EDS)、显微拉曼光谱(FTIR-Raman)、X射线衍射光谱(XRD)及离子色谱等方法对其进行了综合分析。研究结果表明:广西贵港北郊汉墓群出土的青铜器为铅锡青铜,金相组织呈铸态,铅呈游离态分布。腐蚀沿(α+δ)相从表面基体延伸,锈蚀沿高锡相发生晶间腐蚀。腐蚀产物为锡石、赤铜矿、孔雀石和蓝铜矿。锈层结构包括过渡层、原始表面内非金属层和原始表面外沉积层,均一定程度上保留了金属的原始界面,按照包含锈层的多少又可分为:单层结构、双层结构和三层结构。广西贵港北郊汉墓的土壤条件为贫氯氧化型弱酸性赤红壤土,当地降水量偏高,在此环境下,铜离子发生迁移,而锡在此环境中生成锡石并原位沉积,使得青铜器出现全面锡石化现象。
This article studied the corrosion characteristics of 21 typical bronze artifacts unearthed from the Han Tomb Group in the northern suburbs of Guigang,Guangxi.They were comprehensively analyzed using metallographic microscopy,ultra depth of field microscopy,scanning electron microscopy energy dispersive spectroscopy(SEM EDS),micro Raman spectroscopy(FTIR Raman),X-ray diffraction spectroscopy(XRD),and ion chromatography.The research results indicate that the bronze artifacts unearthed from the Han Tomb Group in the northern suburbs of Guigang,Guangxi are lead tin bronze,with a cast microstructure and a free distribution of lead.Corrosion edge(α+δ)The phase extends from the surface matrix,and intergranular corrosion occurs along the high tin phase due to corrosion.The corrosion products are cassiterite,hematite,malachite,and azurite.The rust layer structure includes a transition layer,a non-metallic layer inside the original surface,and a sedimentary layer outside the original surface,all of which retain the original interface of the metal to a certain extent.According to the number of rust layers included,it can be divided into a single-layer structure,double-layer structure,and a three-layer structure.The soil conditions of Han tombs in the northern suburbs of Guigang,Guangxi are poor chlorine oxidation type weakly acidic red loam soil,with high local precipitation.In this environment,copper ions migrate,and tin forms cassiterite in this environment and deposits in situ,resulting in a comprehensive tin petrification phenomenon in bronze vessels.
作者
刘成
罗晴泽
廖林灵
何湘梅
Liu Cheng;Luo Qingze;Liao Linling;He Xiangmei(School of Cultural Heritage,Northwest University;China-Central Asia“the Belt and Road”Joint Laboratory on Human and Environment Reserach;Museum of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region)
出处
《西部考古》
2023年第2期340-350,共11页
基金
国家重点研发计划(项目编号:2020YFC1522001)的资金支持
关键词
贵港北郊汉墓
青铜器
腐蚀
全面锡石化
Han Tomb in the Northern Suburb of Guigang
Bronze Ware
Corrosion
Comprehensive Tin Petrochemical
