摘要
我国监护制度不同于大陆法系其他国家和地区,未具体限制法定监护人的财产管理权,亦未规定处分被监护人财产需要家庭法院、监护法官或亲属会议、特别代理人等国家司法机关批准或其他中立第三方同意的前置程序,应推定法定监护人具有概括性的法定代理权限。《民法总则》第35条第1款确立了最有利于被监护人利益原则。该条缺乏法效果要件,也非禁止性规定,不应仅以此作为否定父母以未成年子女房产设定抵押权或出卖等处分行为效力的依据。根据代理授权行为与基础关系分离的原则,法定代理人违反法定职责的代理行为属于基础关系的内部义务违反,代理行为原则上对外有效;但相对人非善意(明知或因重大过失不知)时法定代理人的违背代理职责的行为侵害未成年人利益,系滥用代理权,适用无权代理规则,对被代理的未成年子女不生效力,以实现未成年人利益和交易安全的平衡保护。
Chinese guardianship system is different from other countries and regions in the civil law system.It does not specifically limit the legal guardian’s property management rights,nor does it stipulate that the disposal of the guardian’s property requires the approval of the national judicial authority such as family court,guardianship judge or relatives meeting,special agent,or other pre-procedure agreed by the neutral third party shall presumably have the general legal agency authority of the legal guardian.Article 35(1)of the General Principles of the Civil Law(Civil Code)establishes the principle of the best interests of the guardian.This article lacks legal effect requirements and is not a prohibitive provision.It should not only be used as a basis for denying the effectiveness of such sanctions as the mortgage or sale of the property of minor children by parents.According to the principle of separating agency authorization from the basic relationship,the agency behavior of the legal agent in violation of the legal duties is a violation of the internal obligations of the basic relationship,and the agency behavior is in principle effective externally;The agent’s violation of agency duties violates the interests of minors.It is an abuse agency right,the application of the unauthorized rules,and has no effect on the minor children being commissioned to achieve a balanced protection of minors’interests and transaction security.
出处
《现代法治研究》
2020年第2期60-73,共14页
Journal of Modern Rule of Law
关键词
房产处分
未成年子女
滥用代理权
无权代理
Real Estate Disposition
Minor Children
Abuse Agency Right
Unauthorized Agency
作者简介
谷昔伟,华东政法大学博士研究生,江苏省南通市中级人民法院审判员。
