摘要
近代以来,俄罗斯曾经历过对宗教和君主的背弃。"十月革命"前的俄罗斯帝国,曾建立以双头鹰和东正教为主要标记的国家象征符号、仪式和制度系统,和以"君权神授"为依据的"大一统"形式,但沙皇权力的过度扩张,违背了"中道"政治的要求。苏联在推翻君主制和去宗教化的基础上,形成了党—国式"大一统"体制,曾经展现出很高的效率,其失败在于"大一统"在形而上的不足。当代俄罗斯恢复了东正教的历史地位,对末代沙皇也重新做出评价,构建了以"主权民主""长久国家"论为主要方面的"大一统"理论及相关制度安排,初步化解了俄罗斯在塑造国家认同、形成政治权威和生产政治效用中遇到的难题。在俄罗斯帝国、苏联和当代俄罗斯三个不同时期,俄罗斯都曾为建立政治秩序在道统建构上做过努力,也都各有得失。需要从20世纪以来俄罗斯政治道统的变迁中,重新思考宗教和君主在道统建构中的意义。
Russia once jettisoned its religion and monarchy in modern history. Before the outbreak of the October Revolution,the Russian Empire established a system of symbols,rituals and institutions that epitomized by the double-headed eagle and the Orthodox Church. Under the disguise of "the divine right of king",Tsars overextended their power and strayed away from middle way politics. By overthrowing the Russian monarchy and neutralizing its religion,the Soviet Union brought a party-state kind of unity in Russia. Once highly efficient,such a unity finally fell apart due to its tangible defects. Today,Russia restored the historical status of Orthodox Church and reappraised the role of the last Tsar. By developing theories on national unity like "sovereign democracy" and "eternal country" and introducing relevant institutional arrangements,Russia made a stride in dealing with problems involving its national identity,political authority and political efficacy. Russia has been trying to legitimize the political order by exploiting its orthodox from its empire era,the Soviet Union era and today. Some of these efforts paid off,but others failed. It is important for us to rethink the significance of the Orthodox Church and the monarch to the building of orthodox in Russia against the background of the changing political orthodox of Russia in the 20th Century.
出处
《中国政治学》
2020年第2期109-132,136-137,共26页
CHINESE POLITICAL SCIENCE
关键词
东正教
沙皇
无神论
大一统
主权民主
the Orthodox Church
Tsars
Atheism
National Unity
Sovereign Democracy
作者简介
程亚文,上海外国语大学国际关系与公共事务学院政治学系主任、教授。
