摘要
目的分析制造业油漆工工作相关肌肉骨骼疾患(WMSDs)患病情况及其影响因素。方法采用典型抽样方法,选择广东省1家船舶制造企业、1家汽车制造企业和3家木质家具制造企业和的639名油漆工人为研究对象,采用《中文版肌肉骨骼疾患调查表》电子问卷调查其过去1年WMSDs患病现状,分析WMSDs的影响因素。结果制造业油漆工WMSDs总患病率为37.4%;不同行业WMSDs患病率由高到低依次为船舶制造业、汽车制造业和家具制造业(50.0%vs38.7%vs 29.0%,P<0.01)。不同部位WMSDs患病率由高到低依次为颈部、踝/足部、肩部、下背部、上背部、膝部、手/腕部、臀/腿部和肘部(20.7%vs 19.2%vs 17.4%vs 15.8%vs 14.1%vs 13.8%vs 13.5%vs 9.5%vs 6.6%,P<0.01)。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,排除混杂因素的影响后,以不舒服姿势工作是油漆工罹患颈部、踝/足部和肩部WMSDs的危险因素(P值均<0.01),长时间保持转头是油漆工罹患颈部和肩部WMSDs的危险因素(P值均<0.05),超重与肥胖、经常弯腰同时转身均是油漆工罹患踝/足部WMSDs的危险因素(P值均<0.05);休息时间充足是油漆工罹患颈部和踝/足部WMSDs的保护因素(P值均<0.01),体育锻炼≥1次/周是油漆工罹患颈部和肩部WMSDs的保护因素(P值均<0.05)。结论制造业油漆工WMSDs患病率较高,以颈部、踝/足部和肩部多见;其影响因素包括个体因素、不良工效学因素和不合理的工作组织。
Objective To analyze the prevalence and influencing factors of work-related musculoskeletal disorders(WMSDs)among painters in the manufacturing industry.Methods A total of 639 painters from one shipbuilding enterprise,one automobile manufacturing enterprise and three wooden furniture manufacturing enterprises in Guangdong Province were selected as the research subjects using typical sampling method.The Chinese version of Musculoskeletal Disorders Questionnaire was used to investigate the prevalence of WMSDs in the past one year,and the influencing factors were analyzed.Results The total prevalence rate of WMSDs among painters in the manufacturing industry was 37.4%.The prevalence of WMSDs in different industries from high to low was shipbuilding,automobile and furniture manufacturing(50.0%vs 38.7%vs 29.0%,P<0.01).The prevalence of WMSDs in different parts of the body from high to low was neck,ankle/foot,shoulder,low back,upper back,knee,hand/wrist,hip/leg and elbow(20.7%vs 19.2%vs 17.4%vs 15.8%vs 14.1%vs 13.8%vs 13.5%vs 9.5%vs 6.6%,P<0.01).Multivariate logistic regression analysis results showed that working in uncomfortable postures was a risk factor for neck,ankle/foot and shoulder WMSDs(all P<0.01);long time head turning was a risk factor for neck and shoulder WMSDs(both P<0.05);overweight and obesity,and bending and turning frequently at the same time were risk factors for ankle/foot WMSDs(all P<0.05);adequate rest time was a protective factor for neck and ankle/foot WMSDs(both P<0.01);participated in physical exercise more than once a week was a protective factor of neck and shoulder WMSDs in painters(all P<0.05),after excluding the influence of confounding factors.Conclusion The prevalence of WMSDs in manufacturing painters was high,and the main body parts involved were neck,ankle/foot and shoulder.The influencing factors include individual factors,poor ergonomics factors and unreasonable work organization.
作者
彭志恒
刘移民
何易楠
何金铜
陈存秋
贾宁
王忠旭
刘晓勇
PENG Zhi-heng;LIU Yi-min;HE Yi-nan;HE Jin-tong;CHEN Cun-qiu;JIA Ning;WANG Zhong-xu;LIU Xiao-yong(Guangzhou Twelfth People′s Hospital,Guangzhou Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment Hospital,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510620,China;不详)
出处
《中国职业医学》
CAS
北大核心
2022年第5期481-487,492,共8页
China Occupational Medicine
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC2503205)
中国疾控中心职业卫生所职业健康风险评估与国家职业卫生标准制定(131031109000160004)
广州市高水平临床重点专科建设项目(穗卫函[2019]1555号)
广东省职业病防治重点实验室(2017B030314152)
广东省职业卫生骨干培训项目(粤卫办函[2015]422号)
广州市卫生健康科技项目(20211A010038)
关键词
工作相关肌肉骨骼疾患
制造业
油漆工
患病率
危险因素
保护因素
Work-related musculoskeletal disorders
Manufacturing
Painters
Prevalence
Risk factors
Protective factors
作者简介
彭志恒(1987—),男,公共卫生硕士,主管医师,主要从事职业卫生工作;通讯作者:刘晓勇,主任医师,E-mail:4813545@qq.com;通讯作者:王忠旭,研究员,E-mail:wangzhongxu2003@163.com
