摘要
目的估算2020年中国制造业中职业性噪声所致听力损失(ONHL)的劳动者人数。方法整合多统计口径数据,基于中国疾病预防控制中心“职业病及健康危害因素监测信息系统”收集制造业劳动者信息,按劳动者年龄构成比拆分2018年“第四次全国经济普查”和2020年“全国职业病危害现状调查”中劳动者汇总人数;基于吉林省年龄结构调整普通人群听力损失患病数据,基于第七次人口普查中就业人口年龄构成对接噪率进行标准化处理。其次,估算归因比例(AF)。比较接触职业性噪声(以下简称“接噪”)劳动者与普通人群的听力损失患病率,计算患病率比值(PR)。估算接噪劳动者中ONHL占所有听力损失的比例和归因人数(AC)。结合AF与发生听力损失的劳动者人数,估算ONHL的人数。结果2020年我国制造业有30059525名劳动者接触噪声环境,粗接噪率为28.94%,标化接噪率为28.52%。接噪劳动者的听力损失患病率随年龄的增长呈上升趋势,其中共有8054789人患有听力损失,主要集中在45~<55岁人群。合计PR及其95%不确定性区间(UI)为2.83(2.58~3.06),合计AF及其95%UI为64.63%(61.22%~67.30%),峰值皆位于30~<45岁;合计AC及其95%UI为5205980(4930620~5420345)人,主要集中于40~<55岁。结论职业性噪声对中国制造业劳动者听力健康造成了严重威胁,尤其是中青年人群。
Objective To estimate the number of workers with occupational noise-induced hearing loss(ONHL)in the manufacturing industry of China in 2020.Methods Multiple data sources were integrated to collect information on workers in the manufacturing industry from the Occupational Diseases and Hazards Monitoring Information System under China Disease Prevention and Control Information System.The total number of workers was split based on age from the 2018 Fourth National Economic Census and the 2020 National Survey of Occupational Disease Hazards.Additionally,data on the prevalence of hearing loss in the general population was adjusted based on the age composition of Jilin Province,and noise prevalence was standardized based on the age composition of the employed population in the Seventh National Population Censu.Attribution fractions(AF)was estimated.The prevalence ratio(PR)was calculated by the prevalence of hearing loss in the occupational noise-exposed workers and general population.The proportion and attributable cases(AC)of ONHL cases in all hearing loss cases were estimated for occupational noise-exposed workers.The number of ONHL was estimated based on AF and the total number of workers with hearing loss.Results In 2020,a total of 30059525 workers were exposed to occupational noise in the manufacturing industry in China,with noise-exposed prevalence and standardized noise-exposed prevalence of 28.94%and 28.52%,respectively.The prevalence of hearing loss among occupational noise-exposed workers increased with age,and a total of 8054789 workers suffered from hearing loss.Most of the cases were at the age between 45-<55 years old.The total PR and 95%uncertainty interval(UI)was 2.83(2.58-3.06)and the total AF and 95%UI was 64.63%(61.22%-67.30%),and both peaks were in the age of 30-<45 years.The AC and 95%UI was 5205980(4930620-5420345)persons,and most of the cases were at the age between 40-<55 years.Conclusion Occupational noise poses a serious threat to the hearing health of workers in the manufacturing industry of China,especially among middle-aged and young adults.
作者
艾丽梅
李欣欣
柳安琪
王丹
王敬鑫
胡伟江
万霞
AI Limei;LI Xinxin;LIU Anqi;WANG Dan;WANG Jingxin;HU Weijiang;WAN Xia(Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics,Institute of Basic Medical Sciences,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/School of Basic Medicine,Peking Union Medical College,Beijing 100005,China;不详)
出处
《中国职业医学》
CAS
北大核心
2023年第5期512-517,共6页
China Occupational Medicine
基金
美国中华医学基金会(15-208)
关键词
制造业
职业性噪声
听力损失
归因比例
归因人数
估算
Manufacturing
Occupational noise
Hearing loss
Attributable fraction
Attributable case
Estimation
作者简介
艾丽梅(1997—),女,在读公共卫生硕士研究生,主要从事疾病负担和烟草控制相关研究;通信作者:万霞,研究员,博士研究生导师,E-mail:xiawan@ibms.pumc.edu.cn;胡伟江,研究员,硕士研究生导师,E-mail:huwj@niohp.chinacdc.cn
