摘要
上古—中古汉语使役句有“作、使、俾、令、教”字句,不同时期它们的语义分工不同,有各自的演变过程。句式间的兴替表现为:“使”字句经历语义泛化、融合成为优势句式,取代“作、俾”字句;“令”字句吸收其他句式的特点,与“使”字句和谐、平行发展;“教”字句兴起后逐渐取代语义固化的“使、令”字句。使役句之间的兴替并非简单的词汇替换,而是伴随语义的分化与泛化、融合,相互和谐。使役句兴替动因是句式的语义差异和经济性驱动下的多义性。
The causative constructions“xuo(作)”“shi(使)”“bi(俾)”“ling(令)”“jiao(教)”in Archaic and Middle Chinese show distinct semantic focus and have their own evolution paths in different periods.“Shi”construction underwent the process of generalization and harmonization,then became a dominant construction in the field of causative,in this case,it replaced the old one:“shi”construction took the place of“zuo”and“bi”sentence.“Ling”construction absorbed the characteristic of the other causative sentences,which lead to harmony and develop in parallel with“shi”sentence.After the appearance of“jiao”construction,it gradually displaced“shi”and“ling”sentence whose meaning is towards fossilization.It can be concluded that the replacement of causative constructions is not simply lexical replacement but on condition of semantic division,generalization and harmonization.The motivation of such replacement lies on the distinctions among causative constructions and polysemy of the construction under the economy driven condition.
关键词
使役句
兴替
和谐
causative cons truction
replacement
harmony
