摘要
明朝首次遣使赴日是在洪武二年正月,并非洪武元年十一月。其主要目的在于催促朝贡,倭寇问题尚未提上日程。紧接着的杨载赴日发生在前次使者被害、倭寇劫掠山东的背景下,禁倭成为两国开展外交的首要问题。由于明太祖将日本国王与倭寇视为一体,诏书中带有威胁的意味,导致此次外交失败。洪武三年赵秩招谕日本成功是多方面因素的结果,怀良亲王面临的军事压力促使其考虑与明朝建交的现实利益,明朝将日本国王与倭寇加以区分又为两国和解创造了条件,杨载押解来的倭寇则为怀良亲王展示禁倭诚意提供了舞台。怀良亲王对明称臣是特殊背景下的产物,明朝记录中将"怀良"记作"良怀",很可能是怀良亲王提供了错误信息,目的在于日后重新脱离明朝的封贡体系。
The first time the Ming Dynasty sent envoys to Japan was in the first month of the second year of Hongwu,not in November of the first year of Hongwu.Its main purpose is to urge tribute,while banning the Japanese pirates(Wakou)have not been put on the agenda.Then Yang Zai’s trip to Japan happened under the background of the previous envoys being killed and Japanese pirates plundering Shandong Province.Banning Japanese pirates has become the primary issue for the two countries to carry out diplomacy.Because emperor Taizu of the Ming Dynasty regarded the Japanese king and the Japanese pirates as conflated,the imperial edict contained a threat,which led to the diplomatic failure.However,the success of urging tribute to Japan by Zhao Zhi in the third year of Hongwu was a result of many factors.Prince Kaneyoshi’s military dilemma prompted him to consider the practical interests of establishing diplomatic relations with the Ming Dynasty.The distinction between the Japanese King and the Japanese pirates created conditions for the reconciliation between the two countries.In addition,the Japanese pirates escorted by Yang Zai provided a stage for Prince Kaneyoshi to show his sincerity in banning Japanese pirates.Prince Kaneyoshi’s submission to the Ming Dynasty was the product of a special background.In the records of the Ming Dynasty,"Kaneyoshi(Huailiang)"was recorded as"Lianghuai".It is likely that Prince Kaneyoshi provided wrong information in order to break away from the Ming Dynasty’s tributary system in the future.
作者
马云超
Ma Yunchao(Nanjing University)
出处
《元史及民族与边疆研究集刊》
2020年第1期78-90,共13页
Studies on the Mongol-Yuan and China's Bordering Area
关键词
明太祖
怀良亲王
倭寇
明日关系
Emperor Taizu of Ming Dynasty
Prince Kaneyoshi
Japanese pirates
relationship between Ming Dynasty and Japan
作者简介
马云超,南京大学历史学院博士研究生
