摘要
Cancer cells reprogram their gene expression to promote growth,survival,proliferation,and invasiveness.The unique expression of certain uptake transporters in cancers and their innate function to concentrate small molecular substrates in cells make them ideal targets for selective delivering imaging and therapeutic agents into cancer cells.In this review,we focus on several solute carrier(SLC)transporters known to be involved in transporting clinically used radiopharmaceutical agents into cancer cells,including the sodium/iodine symporter(NIS),norepinephrine transporter(NET),glucose transporter 1(GLUT1),and monocarboxylate transporters(MCTs).The molecular and functional characteristics of these transporters are reviewed with special emphasis on their specific expressions in cancers and interaction with imaging or theranostic agents[e.g.,Ⅰ-123,Ⅰ-131,123Ⅰ-iobenguane(mIBG),18F-fluorodeoxyglucose(18F-FDG)and 13C pyruvate].Current clinical applications and research areas of these transporters in cancer diagnosis and treatment are discussed.Finally,we offer our views on emerging opportunities and challenges in targeting transporters for cancer imaging and treatment.By analyzing the few clinically successful examples,we hope much interest can be garnered in cancer research towards uptake transporters and their potential applications in cancer diagnosis and treatment.
Cancer cells reprogram their gene expression to promote growth,survival,proliferation,and invasiveness.The unique expression of certain uptake transporters in cancers and their innate function to concentrate small molecular substrates in cells make them ideal targets for selective delivering imaging and therapeutic agents into cancer cells.In this review,we focus on several solute carrier （SLC） transporters known to be involved in transporting clinically used radiopharmaceutical agents into cancer cells,including the sodium/iodine symporter （NIS）,norepinephrine transporter （NET）,glucose transporter 1（GLUT1）,and monocarboxylate transporters （MCTs）.The molecular and functional characteristics of these transporters are reviewed with special emphasis on their specific expressions in cancers and interaction with imaging or theranostic agents [e.g.,Ⅰ-123,Ⅰ-131,123Ⅰ-iobenguane （mIBG）,18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) and 13C pyruvate].Current clinical applications and research areas of these transporters in cancer diagnosis and treatment are discussed.Finally,we offer our views on emerging opportunities and challenges in targeting transporters for cancer imaging and treatment.By analyzing the few clinically successful examples,we hope much interest can be garnered in cancer research towards uptake transporters and their potential applications in cancer diagnosis and treatment.
基金
supported by the National Institutes of Health(NIH)National Institute of General Medical Sciences(Grant R01 GM066233,USA).
作者简介
Corresponding author:Joanne Wang,Tel.:+12062216561,fax:t12065433204.E-mail address:jowang@uw.edu
