摘要
消防应急响应设施的布局与配置合理性,直接影响着城市灾害能否得到及时控制与消除,对于提升城市生命线功能具有重要意义。本研究通过考虑不同应急灾害的能量密度水平、灾害发展特点和灾害影响因素,从消防站建设成本、可用容量、响应时间、协同机制与可靠性等方面,对消防站选址、消防车辆配置以及“选址—配置”系统优化问题展开综述。针对消防应急响应设施优化问题的连续、离散、线性、非线性整数规划等特点,归纳总结了分支定界算法、拉格朗日松弛法、遗传算法、模拟退火、禁忌搜索、蚁群算法、高斯算法和动态规划方法等适用于应急运筹优化的方法,并从大规模复杂问题综合算法设计、卫星消防站合作模式与车辆协同响应机制等方面提出今后研究方向与重点。
The rationality of the layout and configuration of fire emergency response facilities directly affects whether urban disasters can be controlled and eliminated in time.It is also of great significance for improving the function of urban lifeline construction.Fire station site selection,fire vehicles configuration,and site selection-configuration system are reviewed by considering fire station construction cost,available capacity,response time,coordination mechanism,and reliability factors that affect by different energy density levels and development characteristics of emergency disasters.Aiming at the characteristics of continuous,discrete,linear,and nonlinear integer programming in optimizing fire emergency response facilities,the branch and bound algorithm,Lagrangian relaxation method,genetic algorithm,simulated annealing,tabu search,ant colony,Gaussian algorithms and dynamic programming methods are summarized.Future research directions are proposed from the aspects of comprehensive algorithm design for large-scale complex problems,satellite fire station cooperation mode,and vehicle cooperative response mechanism.
作者
刘晗
齐庆杰
张玥
Liu Han;Qi Qingjie;Zhang Yue
出处
《中国应急管理科学》
2022年第7期62-73,共12页
Journal of China Emergency Management Science
基金
国家重点研发计划(2019YFF0301300)
中煤科工科技创新创业资金专项(2022-MS004)
关键词
消防站选址
消防车辆配置
消防响应系统优化
应急运筹优化方法
Fire Station Location
Fire Vehicle Configuration
Fire Response System Optimization
Emergency Operations Research Method
作者简介
刘晗,煤炭科学研究总院有限公司,应急科学研究院副书记,副研究员;齐庆杰,煤炭科学研究总院有限公司,应急科学研究院院长,教授,中国煤炭科工集团一级首席科学家;张玥,煤炭科学研究总院有限公司,助理研究员。
