摘要
美国是公共卫生应急管理体系较为健全且公共卫生基础建设较为先进的国家。经历过多次国际国内突发公共卫生事件的检验,美国公共卫生应急管理体系在组织结构和运行功能上呈现出“联邦协同”与“地方自主”的模式。然而,新冠疫情在州际的大规模失控蔓延,揭露出美国公共卫生应急管理体系存在联邦与地方应急结构失调、技术与非技术功能脱嵌、实验室网络自组织响应失灵等痼疾。因此,在洞悉美国公共卫生应急管理体系的优势与不足后,本文从“取其精华,去其糟粕”的视角,探讨我国如何优化公共卫生应急管理体系,以此推动中国实践与世界公共卫生应急管理发展的对话。
The United States has a relatively robust public health emergency management system and advanced infrastructure.Having undergone numerous international and domestic public health crises,its system operates under a model of“federal coordination”and“local autonomy”.However,the widespread and uncontrolled spread of the COVID-19 pandemic across states exposed discrepancies within the U.S.public health emergency management system,such as the imbalance between federal and local emergency structures,disconnection between technical and non-technical functionalities,and failures in the laboratory network's autonomous response.Therefore,after examining both the strengths and weaknesses of the U.S.public health emergency management system,this article explores,from a perspective of“discarding the dross and selecting the essence”,how China can optimize its own system.This endeavor aims to stimulate dialogue between Chinese practice and the development of global public health emergency management.
出处
《中国应急管理科学》
2024年第1期109-123,共15页
Journal of China Emergency Management Science
基金
教育部社科重大项目“重大风险事件中的网络社会心态及引导研究”(22JZD028)
天津市研究生科研创新项目“‘制度—行为’情境中的政府部门绩效执行策略研究”(2022BKY043)。
关键词
公共卫生
应急管理
联邦制
实验室响应
Public Health
Emergency Management
Federalism
Laboratory Response
作者简介
陈婧,南开大学周恩来政府管理学院博士研究生。
