摘要
由于受到女权主义运动和反种族歧视运动的影响,美国法律体系下的"性骚扰"概念归为性别歧视,受害者需要通过特殊的反歧视法程序在《民权法案》第7条的框架下得到救济。尽管国际组织和世界其他国家移植了源自美国法的"性骚扰"词语,但是固有的文化认知和法律价值影响移植域外法的结果。多数国家立法者将性骚扰视为个人侵权行为,是对人的尊严和人格权的侵犯。甚至,相同的文化传统、认知能力和固有价值成为立法者选择移植对象的重要因素。但是,受法律全球化和欧盟一体化的影响,两种不同价值基础的反性骚扰立法模式在欧盟出现融合。这也导致了欧盟成员国司法裁判模式的变化。尽管美国普通法的特殊性导致其无法接受"尊严"作为判断标准,但是法定的雇主责任为美国企业内部建立女性员工个人化的保障标准提供了可能。
The American concept of"sexual harassment"that has been deeply influenced by the feminist movement and the anti-racial discrimination movement is persuasively described as gender discrimination in the American legal system.The victims need to resort to remedy from its specific anti-dscrimination procedure under Section 7 of the 1964"Civil Rights Act".Though many international organizations and states’legislatures have been accepted"sexual harassment"discourse,the difference in the aspects of the cultural cognition and legal value inherent in the existing legal system set an obstacle to the complete acceptance of foreign law.The majority of state and regional legislation prefers to move the activity of sexual harassment into the tort law system,rather than be modelled according to the American way.Thus,Sexual harassment undermines human dignity and the rights to personhood.Even the points of sharing similar cultural traditions,knowledge and legal value become crucial factors impacting the legislator’s choice of transplantation.However,due to the globalization and Europeanization of law,we have been witnessing the integration of these two different legal foundations in the EU Directives concerning the anti-sexual harassment issue,which lead to the evolution of an judicial approach on some concrete cases.On the other side,though American common law tradition cannot accept the vague"dignity"as the parameter for their decision,the legal responsibility of the employer,according to American statutes,force them to take seriously the individual complaints of which many concerns will be raised from their individualized uncomfortable situations.
基金
0010204117001——职场性骚扰权利救济体系建构研究.
关键词
性骚扰
女权主义
反歧视
人的尊严
法律移植
Sexual harassment
Feminist jurisprudence
Anti-discrimination
Human dignity
Legal transplant
作者简介
范继增:四川大学法学院特聘副研究员,意大利比萨圣安娜大学法学博士,邮箱:qqh-mxm@126.com;王璟玥:四川大学法学院法律硕士研究生。
