摘要
科技创新关乎一个国家和社会的生存和发展,唯创新者进,唯创新者强,唯创新者胜。科技创新和进步离不开知识产权政策和财税支持政策的激励。以创新技术效率和产出规模效率衡量的创新效率内生于知识产权政策和研发支持政策,还受到市场结构的影响。本文构建存在规模差距企业的研发博弈模型,讨论在不同市场结构下知识产权政策和研发支持政策对技术创新和产出规模的影响,得出结论:第一,在企业规模差距相对较小时,知识产权政策越宽松,社会总研发投入越少,总产出增加越多,知识生产的正外部性越得以发挥;在企业规模差距相对较大时,知识产权政策的调整不影响大企业的研发和产出水平,也不影响小企业的研发水平,只会影响中小企业的搭便车行为进而影响其产出;第二,在长期中,随着企业规模差距的迭代演化,只有严格的知识产权政策才可以保护大企业研发投入的积极性并保证总体产出增长,但是会降低中小企业的市场份额;第三,在既定知识产权保护力度下,对各类规模企业同时降低税率无法改变企业博弈策略并改变创新效率,研发专项基金等支持政策会扭曲企业的资源配置行为并降低创新效率,由政府委托高校和科研院所提供基础知识和通识技术可以更好发挥知识生产的正外部性,针对大企业的非专项转移支付和税收返还优惠具备较大的研发增长效应和产出增长效应。
The innovation efficiency measured by innovation technology efficiency and output scale efficiency is not only endogenous in the intellectual property system and fiscal&tax support policies,but also affected by the market structure.This paper first constructs a R&D game model between enterprises of two different sizes,and discusses the short-term and long-term effects of intellectual property policy on technological innovation and output scale.Then,under the established intellectual property system,this paper investigates the growth effect and distributive effect of 3 different kinds of fiscal&fax policies provided by the government to enterprises of two different sizes.The results show that only when the enterprise size gap is relatively small,the strictness of intellectual property policies can be relaxed,or the policy is almost invalid.In the long term,the stricter intellectual property policy could bring positive growth effect while worsen the market structure.As to the supporting tax and transfer policies,special R&D fund is not recommended.Non-special transfer payments or preferential tax refund policies should be implemented for large enterprises.The government entrusting universities to provide basic knowledge and general technology is of great effect,too.
作者
杜娇
张屹山
李志玲
DU Jiao;ZHANG Yishan;LI Zhiling(School of Marxism,Jilin University,130012;Center for Quantitative Economics,Jilin University,130012;Department of Culture and History,Party School of Hainan Province,570100)
出处
《制度经济学研究》
2021年第4期83-104,共22页
Research on Institutional Economics
基金
吉林省社会科学基金博士和青年扶持项目“东北老工业基地国企改革中市场和政府权力优化研究”(2020C006)
关键词
知识溢出
创新激励
机制设计
增长效应
分配效应
Knowledge Spillover
R&D,Policy Choice
Trade-off
Income Effect
Distribution Effect
作者简介
杜娇,经济学博士,吉林大学马克思主义学院博士后,E-mail:67713462@qq.com;张屹山,吉林大学数量经济研究中心教授、博士生导师,E-mail,yishan@jlu.edu.cn;李志玲,海南省委党校文史部副研究员。
