摘要
河长制作为契合流域治理生态保护需求的重要制度选择,其治污效果如何有待实践检验。以黄河流域河长制的实施作为准自然实验,基于2008~2018年水质监测数据,运用双重差分法考察河长制对流域水污染的治理效果。研究发现:(1)现阶段河长制实施未能显著改善黄河流域水污染状况,预期的积极治理效应尚未显现;(2)污染源分解显示,河长制有助于提升黄河流域工业源污染治理水平,但对生活源和农业源治理影响甚微,表明地方政府在源头控制上存在选择性治理偏好,监测和考核程度较明显的治理任务往往被优先完成;(3)河长制对不同污染源的治理效果存在地区异质性,黄河流域下游工业源污染、上中游生活源污染、上中下游农业源污染均表现为治污效果不显著。鉴于此,加强制度顶层设计促进黄河流域保护和治理的系统性、整体性、协同性,健全河长制考核评价机制、监督问责机制,构建流域水污染源头精准治理的差异化制度安排是未来建设生态黄河与幸福黄河、实现流域人水和谐共生的现实选择。
The river chief system is an important institutional choice to meet the needs of ecological protection of watershed management,and its pollution control effect needs to be tested in practice.Based on the water quality monitoring data from2008 to 2018,this paper takes the implementation of the river chief system in the Yellow River Basin as a quasi-natural experiment to build a framework for identifying the effect of the river chief system on the pollution control by DID method.It draws the following conclusions:(1)At present,the implementation of the river chief system has not significantly improved the water pollution situation in the Yellow River Basin,and the expected positive governance effect has not yet appeared.(2)The decomposition of pollution sources shows that the river chief system helps to improve the level of industrial pollution control in the Yellow River Basin,but has little effect on the governance of living sources and agricultural sources,indicating that local governments have selective governance preferences in source control,and the governance tasks with obvious monitoring and assessment levels are often completed preferentially.(3)There is regional heterogeneity in the governance effect of the river chief system on different pollution sources.The industrial pollution in the lower reaches of the Yellow River Basin,the domestic pollution in the upper and middle reaches,and the agricultural pollution in the upper,middle and lower reaches are all not significant.In view of this,In the future,in order to build an ecological Yellow River and a Happy Yellow River,and to realize the harmonious coexistence of people and water in the basin,we should strengthen the top-level system design to promote the systematicness,integrity and synergy of the protection and governance of the Yellow River Basin,perfect the river chief system assessment and supervision and accountability mechanism,and establish a differentiated institutional arrangement for precise control of the source of water pollution in the river basin.
作者
杨林
于红
郑潇
YANG Lin;YU Hong;ZHENG Xiao(Business School,Shandong University,264209)
出处
《制度经济学研究》
2022年第1期97-119,共23页
Research on Institutional Economics
关键词
河长制
水污染治理
治理效果
选择性偏好
源头精准治理
River Chief System
Water Pollution Control
Governance Effect
Selective Preference
Source Precise Governance
作者简介
杨林,山东大学商学院教授、博士生导师,地址:(264209)山东省威海市环翠区文化西路180号山东大学商学院,电子邮箱:yanglin2128@126.com;于红,山东大学商学院博士研究生;郑潇,山东大学商学院博士研究生。
