摘要
“韵”从音乐到人物品评的嬗变的内在理路及承续性与变异性,是探究谢赫“气韵”原义时所绕不过去、亟待解决的一个问题。既往气韵研究中存在两种影响颇大而相互对立的观点:一派认为,谢赫的“气韵”来自魏晋时期的人物品藻,含义是人物画生动地表现出所画对象的精神风貌,与音乐无关;另一派则认为,谢赫的“气韵”根植于“韵”的音乐本义,而与人物品评之“韵”无涉。实际上,人物品藻之“韵”由“韵”的音乐本义引申而来,作名词时,是指人的个性才情在富有音乐美的声音中的体现,承续“韵”音乐本义的基础上融入了人的生命、才情与精神。谢赫以“气韵”论画受人物品评的直接影响,并保留了“‘韵’是‘气’有节奏地运动的感性显现”这一根本音乐意涵,指画家之“气”有节奏地运动在画中笔墨线条上的显现。
The internal logic,continuity and variability of the evolution of“yun”from music to character evaluation is an urgent problem to be solved when exploring the original meaning of Xie He’s“qiyun”.In the past,there are two opposing views with great influence in the study of Qiyun.One believes that Xie He’s“qiyun”came from the character evaluation in the Wei and Jin Dynasties,which means that the figure painting vividly shows the spiritual style of the painted object,which has nothing to do with music.Another believes that Xie He’s“Qiyun”is rooted in the musical original meaning of“yun”,and has nothing to do with the“yun”of character evaluation.In fact,the“yun”of character evaluation is extended from the musical original meaning of“yun”.When it is used as a noun,it refers to the embodiment of a person’s personality and talent in the sound with musical beauty,and it integrates human spirit on the basis of inheriting the musical original meaning of“yun”.Xie He’s theory of“qiyun”is directly influenced by the character evaluation,and retains the fundamental musical meaning that“yun”is the perceptual manifestation of the rhythmic movement of“qi”,which refers to the rhythmic movement of the painter’s“qi”on the pen and ink lines in the painting.
关键词
韵
音乐
人物品评
嬗变
谢赫
气韵
Yun
Music
Character evaluation
Evolution
Xie He
Qiyun
作者简介
陈敏,深圳大学人文学院博士研究生,主要研究方向为中国美学和身体美学。
