摘要
与柏拉图把美作为一种客观知识探求的做法不同,孔子总是把审美体验置于充满生活气息的生存境域中加以彰显,他追求的是善与美的合一,是一种由道德而走向审美的人生境界。这也就意味着,在孔子那里,“美的世界”与“生活世界”是完全同一的,最高的美不存在于对美的本质问题的探求中,而是存在于对人生的境界追求中。这种把“美”还原到感性生活的方式正是孔子实现个体生命价值,彰显“仁”之境界的必经之途、必登之阶,也即所谓的“下学而上达”“极高明而道中庸”。因此,孔子的“生活美学”实际上是将“美”还原到人的生活世界中去,并通过自我情感体验和内心体认,实现生存理想及终极关怀的审美升华。
Different from Plato’s approach of seeking beauty as an objective knowledge,Confucius always puts the aesthetic experience in the living environment full of life atmosphere to show it.What he pursues is the unity of goodness and beauty,which is a realm of life from morality to aesthetics.This means that in Confucius,“the world of beauty”and“the world of life”are completely the same.The highest beauty does not exist in the exploration of the essence of beauty,but in the pursuit of the realm of life.This way of restoring“beauty”to perceptual life is the only way and step for Confucius to realize the value of individual life and highlight the realm of“benevolence”,that is,the socalled“learning from basis to the rational freedom”and“the unity of the wise and the mean”.Therefore,Confucius’s“life aesthetics”actually restores“beauty”to people’s life world,and realizes the aesthetic sublimation of survival ideal and ultimate concern through self emotional experience and inner recognition.
基金
教育部人文社会科学研究一般项目“儒家礼乐文化与中国艺术精神研究”(19YJA760090)阶段性成果
关键词
孔子
生活美学
还原
升华
Confucius
Life aesthetics
Restoration
Sublimation
作者简介
张明,博士、博士后,曲阜师范大学文学院教授、博士生导师,主要研究方向为中国古代文论及美学。
