摘要
从关系学的视角分析了关系运作对于唐代科举考试公平的促进作用。研究发现,开元以后,寒门、小姓子弟依靠弱关系网络与士族子弟的强关系网络展开竞争,从而扩展了寒门、小姓子弟的录取比例;长庆以来,新、旧士族凭借各自的强关系网络来干预主司取士,结果促使官方推出了“不放子弟”的取士标准,从而再次拓展了寒门、小姓子弟的录取比例;大中以来士族逐渐瓦解,寒门、小姓子弟所凭借的弱关系网络无力监督权贵对于科考的干预,荐举由此丧失了其存在的价值。在这种情况下,晚唐时期官方逐渐确立了“一切以程文定去留”的录取原则,唐代科举考试的公平程度因此得到了空前提升。本文拓展了中国教育公平史的研究,同时也为解决高等院校的“申请-考核”制存在的难题提供了一些参考方式。
The article takes the admission criteria of the Jinshi in the Tang Dynasty as the research object,and analyzes the role of relationship operation in the promotion of education fairness in the Tang Dynasty from the perspective of relations.The study found that the candidates who come from poor family relied on the weak relationship network to compete with the strong relationship network of the gentry’s candidates,thus expanding the admission ratio of the poor family before the period of dazhong.However,the poor candidates have been unable to supervise the ministers by relying on the weak relationship network,so the Jianju has also lost the value of existence after the period of dazhong.Under this circumstance,the government gradually established performance as the only admission criterion,and the fairness of education has been unprecedentedly improved in the Tang Dynasty.This article expands the research on the history of education equity in China,and provides some opinions for the application-assessment system.
作者
吕福龙
吴梦林
Lv Fulong;Wu Menglin(School of Public Administration,Shanxi Agricultural University,Jinzhong 030800,China;Zhou Enlai School of Government and Management,Nankai University,Tianjin 300000,China)
出处
《中国高等教育评论》
2022年第1期189-204,共16页
China Higher Education Review
基金
山西省优秀博士来晋工作奖励资金科研项目“儒家社会思想研究”(SXYBKY2019004)
关键词
关系运作
唐代科举
弱关系
强关系
relationship operation
tang dynasty imperial examination
weak relationship
strong relationship
作者简介
吕福龙(1988-),男,山西忻州人,山西农业大学公共管理学院讲师,研究方向为教育史、教育社会学;吴梦林(1990一),女,河南信阳人,南开大学周恩来政府管理学院博士生,研究方向为教育经济与管理。
