摘要
要正确认定作为无效行政行为法定类型的“不具有行政主体资格”,需要改变其理论内核和实践方法。就理论内核而言,应当改造现有行政主体理论,实现国家人格与机关人格的共存,使国家权利能力与机关权利能力得到差异化处理。基于此,“不具有行政主体资格”可被解释为实施主体不具有狭义行政主体的权利能力,但其不法行为可归责于作为广义行政主体的国家。对实施主体越权行为的违法性判断,本质上是对实施主体权利能力是否以及如何受限制的认定。就实践方法而言,应当摒弃机械的形式推理,考察真实的利益状态,确保瑕疵认定结果具有妥当性。具体而言,应当采用利益衡量的方法,实质判断系争行政行为在个案中是否构成无效。
To correctly identify“lack of administrative subject qualification”,which is a statutory type of void administrative acts,it is essential to transform both the theoretical core and practical methods.Regarding the theoretical core,the current theory on administrative subjects should be reshaped to allow the coexistence of the State and administrative organ personalities,thereby differentiating the treatment of their legal capacities.Accordingly,“lack of administrative subject qualification”can be interpreted to mean that the subject of implementation lacks the legal capacity of an administrative subject in the narrow sense,while its illegal act can be attributed to the State as an administrative subject in the broad sense.The determination of the illegality of an ultra vires act by the implementing subject essentially involves assessing whether and how its legal capacity is limited.In terms of practical methods,rigid formal reasoning should be abandoned in favor of examining the genuine status of interests,ensuring that the identification of the defect is substantively appropriate.Specifically,the doctrine of weighing interests should be applied to determine,on a case-by-case basis,whether the alleged administrative act is void due to illegality.
作者
严益州
Yan Yizhou(the Law School of Fudan University)
出处
《国家检察官学院学报》
CSSCI
北大核心
2024年第5期127-146,共20页
Journal of National Prosecutors College
基金
国家社科基金项目“法治政府建设视野中的无效行政行为认定研究”(22BFX032)阶段性成果
关键词
无效行政行为
行政法律关系
国家人格说
权利能力相对性
利益衡量
Void Administrative Act
Administrative Legal Relationship
State Personality Theory
Relativity of Legal Capacity
Weighing of Interests
作者简介
严益州,复旦大学法学院讲师、慕尼黑大学法学博士。
