摘要
“实用侵入(pragmatic encroachment)”问题是当代知识论研究的热点之一,即:一个认知主体S是否知道命题p会随着实用因素的变化而变化。通过高低风险情形的对比,人们发现,认知状态既牵涉与命题相关的证据,也牵涉行动目标能否实现的风险。“实用侵入”问题展现了知识的认知规范与实践规范之间的张力,一方面,为了实现行动目标,人们以知识作为指南,在求真过程中对信念的认知合理性进行辩护。另一方面,风险的升高能够让实践规范“压倒”认知规范,使人们将实用因素而非证据作为行动合理性辩护的主要理由。在行动的合理性辩护框架下,不难看出,实用因素是否“侵入”知识取决于认知者(行动者)是否侧重于实践规范而非认知规范。
In contemporary epistemology,pragmatic encroachment is a topic of general interest.The supporters of PE thesis hold that,some factors that help to determine the epistemic status of S’s belief that p do so without being truth-relevant.By comparing high and low stakes scenarios,it is evident to us that people’s epistemic status involves both evidences related to the target proposition and the risk of achieving action goals.The PE thesis has highlighted the tension between the epistemic norms of knowledge and practical norms of action.On the one hand,in order to achieve some specific goals,people take knowledge as a guide to justify the epistemic rationality of beliefs in the process of seeking truth.On the other hand,in the high stake scenario,practical norms would overwhelm epistemic norms,and allow people to use practical factors rather than evidences as the main reason for justifying the rationality of actions.Within the framework of justifying the rationality of actions,it is not difficult to conceive whether practical factors really encroach knowledge depends on whether the agent prefer practical norms rather than epistemic ones.
作者
喻郭飞
YU Guo-fei(School of Philosophy and Sociology,Research Centre of Philosophy of Life,Huaqiao University,Xiamen 361021,China)
出处
《自然辩证法研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2023年第6期45-51,共7页
Studies in Dialectics of Nature
基金
2022年度第一期华侨大学高层次人才科研启动费项目(22SKBS004)。
关键词
实用侵入
认知规范
实践规范
理由
风险
pragmatic encroachment
epistemic normativity
practical normativity
reason
risk
作者简介
喻郭飞(1983—),湖北武汉人,哲学博士,华侨大学哲学与社会发展学院副教授,主要研究方向:外国哲学、科学技术哲学。
