摘要
掌握震后恢复重建中民众的需求特征,是科学、规范制定恢复重建政策和编制规划的重要依据。以四川长宁县M_(S)6.0地震为例,参考马斯洛需求理论和国际灾后需求评估方法,构建需求指标体系,开展社区问卷调查,分析了本次震后恢复重建的民众需求特征,提出了灾后恢复重建的优化建议。主要结论有:(1)灾区民众恢复重建需求体现出“紧要”的程度,但家庭、个体和社区差异性较大;(2)整体呈现出马斯洛需求层级的结构特点,即在过渡安置期和恢复重建初期,民众需求优先级较高,在恢复重建中远期,民众需求优先级较低;文章最后讨论认为:为凝聚需求共性,降低需求差异性,建议开展以社区/村镇为单位的灾后恢复重建规划;为提升民众恢复重建的信心,灾区政府应加大对农村弱势群体的兜底保障政策。本研究构建了一套灾后恢复重建需求评估指标体系,丰富了灾后恢复重建需求评估的理论依据。
The characteristics of survivor’s needs is an important basis for policy and planning of post-earthquake recovery and reconstruction.Taking Changning suffered by M_(S)6.0 earthquake as an example,referring to theory of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs and the international method of post-disaster need assessment,we analyzed the characteristics of survivor’s needs for recovery and reconstruction after earthquake by constructing an index system and puts forward optimization suggestions for post-disaster recovery and reconstruction.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)the survivor’s needs of recovery and reconstruction is an"urgent"degree,but the great differences are existed in differences families,individuals and communities.(2)The demand priority generally presents the characteristics of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs.The priority of survivor’s needs is high in the period of transitional resettlement and initial recovery and reconstruction.While,the priority of survivor’s needs is low in the period of the medium and long term.(3)In order to gather the commonalities of survivor’s post-disaster reconstruction needs,it is recommended to carry out post-disaster recovery and reconstruction planning at the community/village level.In order to enhance the survivor’s confidence in restoring and rebuilding,the government should increase the guarantee policy for the vulnerable groups in rural areas of the disaster area.This study constructs a set of index system for needs assessment of post-disaster recovery and reconstruction,which enriches the theoretical basis for needs assessment of post-disaster recovery and reconstruction.
作者
师满江
宁志中
曹琦
SHI Manjiang;NING Zhizhong;CAO Qi(School of Civil Engineering and Architecture,Southwest University of Science and Technology,Mianyang 621010,China;Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China)
出处
《自然灾害学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第2期56-65,共10页
Journal of Natural Disasters
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(51908475,417001172)。
关键词
灾后重建
灾后需求评价
马斯洛需求理论
恢复重建需求
四川长宁地震
post-disaster reconstruction
post-disaster needs assessment
Maslow’s demand theory
recovery and reconstruction needs
Sichuan Changning earthquake
作者简介
师满江(1985-),男,博士后,主要从事韧性城乡规划理论与实践研究.E-mail:shimj111@163.com;通讯作者:宁志中(1969-),男,高级工程师,主要从事区域发展、土地利用与乡村旅游研究.E-mail:ningzz@igsnrr.ac.cn
