摘要
为深入了解秦岭细鳞鲑(Brachymystax tsinlingensis Li,1966)在不同生境的视觉特征,以人工繁育的秦岭细鳞鲑子二代[体重(51.50±10.86)g,体长(15.40±0.75)cm]与自然生境野生群体[体重(85.68±31.81)g,体长(18.17±2.34)cm]为研究对象,分别利用传统组织学方法和荧光定量PCR技术研究其视网膜组织结构特征及其视觉形成中起关键作用的5种视蛋白(Opsin)基因:视紫红质(Rhodopsin,RH1)、绿色敏感蛋白(Rhodopsin-like pigments,RH2)、紫外线敏感蛋白(Short wavelength-sensitive pigments,SWS1)、蓝色敏感视蛋白(SWS1-like pigments,SWS2)和红色敏感视蛋白(Long wavelength-sensitive pigments,LWS)在11种组织中的表达特征。结果显示:秦岭细鳞鲑子二代与野生群体的视网膜无明显差异,均具有完整的十层结构,且子二代群体视网膜中视锥细胞数(C.)和外核层细胞核数(O.N.)极显著高于野生群体(P<0.01),神经节细胞数(G.)显著高于野生群体(P<0.05)。野生群体RH1的相对表达量极显著低于子二代群体(P<0.01),且RH1在两个群体的5种视蛋白基因中表达量最高;视锥蛋白基因RH2、SWS1、SWS2、LWS中,除RH2的相对表达量无显著差异外,子二代群体SWS1、SWS2、LWS基因的转录水平都极显著高于野生群体(P<0.01);子二代群体视锥蛋白基因的表达比例由高到低依次为LWS>SWS1>SWS2>RH2,而野生群体为LWS>SWS2>RH2>SWS1,LWS基因在两个群体中的表达均占主导地位,超过表达总量的60%;RH1、RH2、SWS1、SWS2、LWS基因均在秦岭细鳞鲑子二代与野生群体眼组织中特异性表达,而在其他非眼组织中未表达。本研究表明秦岭细鳞鲑子二代与野生群体两者都具有较强的光敏感特性,能可塑性地调节视蛋白基因表达谱引发光谱敏感性变化来应对不同栖息生境,且子二代表现特征更显著;其畏光行为可能是对不同环境的适应性策略,而光敏感性则表明其行为活动在很大程度上依赖于视觉交流。本研究结果可为秦岭细鳞鲑资源增殖与养护提供重要参考。
Brachymystax tsinlingensis(Li 1966)is a landlocked Salmonidae fish endemic to China.Based on long-term artificial breeding and resource conservation studies,it was found that B.tsinlingensis has obvious photophobic behavior and light-sensitive characteristics.To further understand the visual characteristics of B.tsinlingensis in different habitats,this study studied the second filial generation population(SFGP)[body weight:(51.50±10.86)g,body length:(15.40±0.75)g]and wild population(WP)[weight:(85.68±31.81)g,body length:(18.17±2.34)cm]of B.tsinlingensis under artificial breeding and natural environment.Traditional histological methods have been used to study the structural characteristics of the retina,and fluorescence quantitative PCR technology has been used to identify five key opsin genes that play a crucial role in visual formation:rhodopsin(RH1),rhodopsin-like pigments(RH2),short wavelength-sensitive pigments(SWS1),SWS1-like pigments(SWS2),and long wavelength-sensitive pigments(LWS).The results showed that there was no significant difference in the retina between SFGP and WP.The number of cones(C.)and outer nuclear layer(O.N.)in the retina of SFGP was significantly higher than that of WP(P<0.01),and the number of ganglion cells(G.)was significantly higher than that of WP(P<0.05).The relative expression level of RH1 in WP was significantly lower than that in SFGP(P<0.01),and RH1 had the highest expression level among the five opsin genes in both populations.In cone opsin genes RH2,SWS1,SWS2,and LWS were significantly different;no significant difference in relative expression of RH2 was observed.The transcription levels of SWS1,SWS2,and LWS genes were significantly higher than those of WP(P<0.01).The expression ratio of cone opsins in the SFGP was LWS>SWS1>SWS2>RH2 from high to low,whereas that in the WP was LWS>SWS2>RH2>SWS1.The expression of LWS was dominant in both populations,accounting for more than 60%of total expression.Five opsin mRNA were specifically expressed in the retinas of the two populations.This study indicated that both the SFGP and WP of B.tsinlingensis have strong photosensitive characteristics that can regulate the expression profile of opsin genes to trigger spectral sensitivity changes to cope with different habitats,and the performance characteristics of the SFGP are more significant.The exhibited photophobic behavior may be an adaptive strategy for different environments,and photosensitivity indicates that behavior depends largely on visual communication.The results of the present study provide a vital reference for the proliferation and maintenance of B.tsinlingensis.
作者
郭星辰
王艺舟
张林
宋荣群
熊冬梅
李志刚
姜海波
安苗
邵俭
GUO Xingchen;WANG Yizhou;ZHANG Lin;SONG Rongqun;XIONG Dongmei;LI Zhigang;JIANG Haibo;AN Miao;SHAO Jian(Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics,Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region,Laboratory of Fishery Resources and Environmental Protection,College of Animal Science,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,China;College of Animal Science and Technology,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,China;Fishery Workstation of Baoji,Baoji 722300,China;Special Fisheries Research Institute,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,China)
出处
《中国水产科学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第12期1445-1456,共12页
Journal of Fishery Sciences of China
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(32002392).
关键词
秦岭细鳞鲑
子二代群体
野生群体
视蛋白
光敏感性
Brachymystax tsinlingensis
second-generation filial population
wild population
opsin
photosensitivity
作者简介
郭星辰(1999-),女,硕士研究生,研究方向为渔业资源与环境.E-mail:guoxingchenn@163.com;通信作者:邵俭,副教授,研究方向为渔业资源与环境.E-mail:shaojian5098@163.com
