摘要
目的分析胶东半岛茶叶主产区土壤与茶叶中重金属污染特征和人群健康风险。方法2015—2021年,在山东省海阳市采集土壤样品340份、茶叶样品173份,测定样品中4种主要重金属铅(Pb)、镉(Cd)、总汞(Hg)、总砷(As)元素含量。通过单因子指数法、内梅罗综合污染指数法对相关重金属进行评价,并运用皮尔逊相关分析和主成分分析对土壤与茶叶中重金属含量关系及来源进行分析。结果研究区土壤中重金属Pb、Cd、As、Hg含量平均值分别为29.00、0.107、8.852、0.023 mg/kg,其中Pb含量最高。所有重金属元素平均值均未超过GB 15618—2018《土壤环境质量农用地土壤污染风险管控标准(试行)》中限量值,Pb、Cd的最大值均超过了限量值,其中As、Cd、Pb元素平均值超过或接近山东省东部地区土壤背景值。茶叶中重金属元素平均值、最大值均未超过GB 2762—2017《食品安全国家标准食物中污染物限量》和NY 659—2003《茶叶中铬、镉、汞、砷及氟化物限量》中限量值。茶叶中重金属Pb、Cd、Hg、As含量平均值分别为0.286、0.041、0.001、0.037 mg/kg;检出率分别为95.95%、96.53%、13.87%和30.64%,含量浓度均值由大到小为Pb>Cd>As>Hg。4种元素的单项污染指数均小于0.6,其中P_(Pb)(0.0572)>P_(Cd)(0.0417)>P_(As)(0.0187)>P_(Hg)(0.0053),均处于安全水平。茶叶的综合污染指数为0.0459,污染程度为安全等级。红茶的部分污染指数高于绿茶。Pb和Cd的污染物分担率较高。结论土壤中Cd、Pb、Hg和As可能具有相似的来源,土壤中As和Pb属于混合来源,Cd和Hg来源于工业“三废”、农业生产;茶叶中Pb、Cd、Hg、As来源与土壤中的重金属相关性不大。胶东半岛茶区茶叶重金属的健康风险属于安全状态。
Objective This study aimed to analyze the contamination characteristics of heavy metals in soil and tea leaves in the Jiaodong hilly tea-producing areas.Methods A total of 340 soil samples and 173 tea samples from 2015 to 2021 were collected from Haiyang,Shandong Province.The contents of Pb,Cd,total Hg,and total As were detected.The single-factor contamination index method,the Nemerow comprehensive contamination index method,and the Target Hazard Quotient were used to evaluate the contamination level according to the grading standard of agriculture product quality.Pearson correlation analysis and principal component analysis were used to analyze the relationship between heavy metals and their sources in soil and tea.Results The average contents of Pb,Cd,As,and Hg were 29.00,0.107,8.852,and 0.023 mg/kg,respectively,and Pb content was the highest in the study area soil.The average value of all heavy metal elements did not exceed the limit value in GB 15618—2018[the standard for the control of soil pollution risk of agricultural land(Trial)],while the maximum values of Pb and Cd exceeded the national standard.The average values of As and Pb exceeded or reached the background values for soil in the eastern Shandong Province.The average and maximum values of heavy metal elements in tea did not exceed GB 2762—2017(National standard for food safety-limit of pollutants in food and limit of Cr,Cd,Hg,As,and fluoride in tea).The average contents of Pb,Cd,Hg,and As in tea were 0.286,0.041,0.001,and 0.037 mg/kg,respectively.The detection rates of Pb,Cd,Hg,and As were 95.95%,96.53%,13.87%,and 30.64%in tea,respectively.The mean value of heavy metals in tea decreased in the order of Pb>Cd>As>Hg.The single factor pollution index of the four elements was less than 0.6,P_(Pb)(0.0572)>P_(Cd)(0.0417)>P_(As)(0.0187)>P_(Hg)(0.0053),and all values were at the safe level.The comprehensive pollution index of tea was 0.0459,and the pollution level was classified as safe.Black tea had higher pollution levels than green tea.Pb and Cd had higher pollutant sharing rates.Conclusion The sources of Cd,Pb,Hg,and As in the soil may have a common origin.As and Pb in soil exhibited mixed sources,while Cd and Hg originate from industrial“three wastes”and agricultural production.The sources of Pb,Cd,Hg,and As in tea have little correlation with heavy metals in the soil.Dietary exposure to heavy metals in tea leaves in the Jiaodong hilly teaproducing areas is at a safe level.
作者
高日红
高云霄
董峰光
隋育容
于雪纯
于剑峰
袁文兴
阎西革
GAO Rihong;GAO Yunxiao;DONG Fengguang;SUI Yurong;YU Xuechun;YU Jianfeng;YUAN Wenxing;YAN Xige(Haiyang Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Shandong Haiyang 265100,China;Shandong Agricultural And Engineering University,Shandong Zibo 255300,China;Yantai Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Shandong Yantai 264003,China;Shandong Agricultural University,Shandong Tai’an 271018,China;Shandong Provincial Marine Geological Survey Institute,Shandong Yantai 264004,China;Shandong Third Geological and Mineral Exploration Institute,Shandong Yantai 264004,China;Yantai Penglai District Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Shandong Yantai 265600,China)
出处
《中国食品卫生杂志》
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第8期1174-1182,共9页
Chinese Journal of Food Hygiene
基金
2017年烟台市科学技术发展计划项目(2017WS118)
关键词
茶叶
土壤
重金属
污染特征
来源分析
健康风险
Tea
soil
heavy metals
contamination characteristics
source analysis
health risks
作者简介
高日红,男,主任医师,研究方向为环境卫生、食品卫生、疾病控制研究,E-mail:cat343@163.com;通信作者:阎西革,男,主任医师,研究方向为疾病控制,E-mail:yxg1966@163.com
