摘要
经过十多年的探索,我国社区矫正越来越强调规范化运行,在适用上愈发谨慎。侧重个别化矫治的社会工作始终处于边缘位置。本文基于全国十省市较大规模的社区矫正问卷调查和机构访谈,通过Logistic回归分析较为系统地检验了北美循证矫正和犯罪社会学的若干经典结论。结果显示,社会工作可以在一定程度上降低重犯风险。综合了社会工作矫正恢复和监督管理两项功能的上海模式和深圳模式的控制重犯效果明显优于北京模式,而这三大模式又优于"其他"省市的一般管理。加拿大矫正学派得出的核心犯因性因素大部分呈现出显著性,但其中的婚恋家庭关系下的纵向父母子女关系没有显著影响,而横向的婚恋关系却具有显著性。通过综合管理和帮教可以降低收入状况对重犯的影响。矫正对象否认判罚不承认犯罪,不一定代表他们具有更高再犯倾向。加拿大矫正学派否认的沮丧焦虑状况达到很高的显著水平,说明不能否认一般紧张理论的解释力。社会排斥也对重犯具有显著性影响。检验中还得出一些与管理实践密切相关的结论,如越是远离城市中心的矫正对象的重犯风险越高,电子监控并不一定能有效降低重犯,假释人员和租房的矫正对象与其他社区矫正对象之间没有显著性差异,男女矫正对象之间也没有显著性差异。有效预防重新犯罪需要瞄准这些经本土化验证的核心犯因性因素,尤其是在社区矫正系统中同时招聘刑事司法和社工两方面的专业人员,以此推动综合型管理。
After over ten years of exploration,more emphasis has been placed on the standardized operation of community correction in China,and the application of the practice has become more cautious.Social work,which focuses on individualized correction,is always marginalized.Based on the large-scale questionnaire survey and institutional interview of community correction in ten provinces and cities in China,this paper systematically tests some classical conclusions of evidence-based correction and sociology of crime through logical regression analysis.Results indicated that social work can reduce the risk of recidivism to a certain extent.Shanghai model and Shenzhen model which both combine functions of social work correction and supervision management are apparently much more effective than Beijing model,while these three models are better than the general management of other provinces and cities.The core of the Canadian school of correction conclude that the core criminogenic factors appear to be significant,but the vertical relationship between parents and children is not significant,and the horizontal marriage relationship is significant.Through synthetic management and assistant education can reduce the impact of income status upon recidivism.The object of correction denies the crime does not necessarily mean that they have a higher tendency to conduct crime again.Canadian school of correction denies that the state of depression and anxiety has reached a very high level,which indicates that the explanatory power of general tension theory cannot be denied.Social exclusion also has a significant impact on recidivism.The test also reached some conclusion closely related to management practice,such as higher risk of recidivism when the objects are farther away from urban centres;surveillance cameras does not necessarily reduce recidivism;there is no significant difference between correction objects on parole and other community correction objects;and that there is no significant difference between male and female correction objects.Effective prevention of recidivism requires targeting these localized core criminogenic factors,in particular it is necessary to recruit professionals in both criminal justice and social work in the community correction system,so as to promote Synthetic management.
作者
熊贵彬
XIONG Gui-bin(School of Sociology,China University of Political Science and Law,Beijing 100088)
出处
《中央民族大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2020年第2期86-94,共9页
Journal of Minzu University of China(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)
基金
国家社会科学基金一般项目“劳教制度废止背景下社会工作融入社区矫正研究”(14BSH117)阶段性成果.
关键词
社会工作
综合管理
循证矫正
犯因性因素
有效预防重犯
social work
synthetic management
evidence-based correction
criminogenic elements
effective prevention of recidivism
作者简介
熊贵彬(1973—),男,四川成都人。副教授,南开大学和爱知大学(日)双学位博士,主要研究司法社会工作与犯罪学。
