摘要
汉文史料中记载的党项人名,多为音译,错综混乱,严重影响到史料的阅读及相关研究。本文借助夏汉语音对照资料,佐以西夏文社会文书中的人名,在还原西夏文的基础上,对部分党项音译人名的本义进行了解释。其中“屈”“讹”“奴”,分别就是汉文中的“狗”“猪”“奴”。“遇”,语意与汉文化中的“祥”“瑞”相当;“凌()”“嵬”“崖”等表达的含义与汉文化中的“荣”“昌”“盛”等字相当;“”,语意即“信”;“逋”同于汉文化人名中表示长幼的“长”;“子”与“小”相近;“娘”即唐宋女子人名中的“娘”;“移()”,语意与表示雄性的“男”相当;“皆”语意为“金”;“赏(尚)”与“铁”对应;“庞”,语意为表示颜色的“白”;“山”“香”“成”等为汉语借词,语音语意皆与汉文相同。这些人名用字也常见于中原汉人当中,只不过西夏在个别用字上有一些自己的特点,如冠以“狗”“猪”“奴”者,未必全为中下层,更不限于乳名,男子人名中也可用“娘”,“娘”不是女子人名的专用。以上考论,有助于理解党项人名含义及命名特点,也可以解决现通行标点本史书中存在的部分句读点校问题,从而有助于捕捉相关史料所蕴含的社会文化信息,发现不同地方人们姓名文化中的更多共性,提升其在社会历史研究方面的价值。
There are a large number of Tangut’s names recorded in Chinese historical materials are transliterated.The confusion seriously affects the reading and comprehension of historical materials and related research.Referring Sino-Xia pronunciation comparison material and names of people in the West Xia social documents,the article explains the original meaning of the transliteration of the names of the people in the West Xia text,and makes explanation on certain Tangut’s names.Among some,Qu means“dog”in Chinese,E means“pig”while Nu means“servant”in Chinese.Yu means“propitious”,Ling means“prosperity”,Wei means“luxuriant”,and Ya means“power”in Chinese respectively.Zhe means“faith”,Bu means“old”,Zi means“small”,Niang means“wonderful”,Yi,means“male”and Jie means“gold”in Chinese respectively.Shang means“iron”,Pang means“white”in Chinese respectively.There are also borrowing words from Chinese such as Shan which means“hill”,Xiang means“fragrant”and Cheng means“to accomplish”.All of these characters above mentions are also commonly seen in the names of Chinese Han people.But the Western Xia has some of its own characteristics in the individual characters,for example,names including Gou(dog),Zhu(pig)and Nu(servant)do not necessarily mean low class people or child’s pet name.Niang could also be used in male names,and is not uniquely used in female names.The above examination and discussions can facilitate to understand the meaning of Tangut’s name and naming characteristics,also can solve punctuation problems existed in history books,thus benefiting the comprehension of social and cultural information existed in historical material and find more commonality in people’s naming culture in different localities,enhancing its value in social history research.
作者
佟建荣
TONG Jian-rong(Institute of Western Xia Studies,Ningxia University,Yinchuan,Ningxia 750021)
出处
《中央民族大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第3期154-163,共10页
Journal of Minzu University of China(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)
基金
国家社会科学基金项目“甘肃华池出土的夏金文献整理研究”(项目编号:19BTQ052)
“2018年宁夏哲学社会科学和文化艺术领军人才培养工程”资助项目
宁夏高等学校一流学科建设民族学学科资助项目(项目编号:NXYLXK2017A02)的阶段性成果
关键词
汉文
党项
姓名文化
Han Chinese character
Tangut
people’s name culture
作者简介
佟建荣,宁夏大学西夏学研究院副教授。
